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In:The Dawn of Dutch: Language contact in the Western Low Countries before 1200
Michiel de Vaan
[NOWELE Supplement Series 30] 2017
► pp. v–x

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Published online: 14 December 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.30.toc

Table of contents

Preface XI
Abbreviations XIII
List of tables XV
List of maps XVII
Chapter 1.Aim and scope 1
Chapter 2.Definitions of languages and stages 3
Chapter 3.Sources 9
3.1The Old Dutch corpus 9
3.2The Middle Dutch corpus 12
3.3The Modern Dutch corpus 13
3.4Dialects of Modern Dutch 13
3.5Onomastics 15
3.6Low German 16
3.7High German 16
3.8Frisian 17
3.9Old French 17
Chapter 4.The spelling of Dutch 19
Chapter 5.History of the “Frisian question” 23
Chapter 6.The western Low Countries in the Early and High Middle Ages 39
6.1Physical geography in the Early Middle Ages 39
6.2Settlement in the Early Middle Ages 42
6.3The high medieval reclamations 44
6.4Economy and government 50
6.5Frisia 54
6.6Holland 60
6.7Flanders 62
Chapter 7.The study of language contact 63
7.1Theory and terminology 63
7.2The reconstruction of language contact 66
7.3Substrate layers 70
Chapter 8.Working hypothesis and approach 75
8.1Frisian and Franconian until 1200 75
8.2Contrastive historical phonology of Frisian and Franconian 81
8.2.1Restriction to phonetics and phonology 81
8.2.2Contrastive historical phonology 84
8.2.3From Proto-Germanic to West Germanic 85
8.2.4From West Germanic to Old West Frisian and Early Middle Dutch 91
Chapter 9.Palatalization of velars in Old and Middle Dutch 113
9.1The cluster T+K 114
9.1.1Personal names in Gard(is), Roetjar 114
9.1.2The preposition tegen ‘against’, jegens ‘towards’ 117
9.1.3 Yerseke 122
9.1.4The diminutive suffix -eken > -(e)tje 122
9.1.5 Kortgene 126
9.1.6 edik ‘vinegar’ 127
9.2Palatalization of word-internal *g to (*)j 128
9.2.1The evidence 129
9.2.2Summary and Discussion 155
9.3The prefix ge-/(j)e- < *ga- 160
9.4Initial j- > g- 165
9.4.1The evidence 165
9.4.2Summary 176
9.5Recent Frisian loans into North Holland and Groningen and other irrelevant evidence 177
9.5.1Not restricted to coastal Dutch 178
9.5.2 s for k in North Holland 179
9.5.3 s and j for g in North Holland 180
9.5.4Flanders 181
9.6Summary and conclusions 184
Chapter 10.Other issues involving consonants 189
10.1Retention of ft 189
10.2Final -g > -f in Flemish 192
10.3 h- > zero, g > h, and hypercorrections 192
10.4Metathesis of Vr to rV before xt 197
10.5 xs > ss 199
10.6Medial þþ > ss and tt 200
10.7Summary 202
Chapter 11.Fronting of stressed a to e 203
11.1Phonetics of short /a/ and /e/ in modern dialects 203
11.2 a > e before sk and sp 205
11.3Dutch e for a by analogy and/or i-mutation 209
11.4Flemish Feger- and Gent 213
11.5Northwestern Dutch sel ‘shall’ 214
11.6Summary and interpretation 215
Chapter 12.Rounding of a to o 217
12.1Before a retained nasal 217
12.2Before a nasal which was lost 218
12.2.1WGm. *mf 219
12.2.2WGm. *ns 220
12.2.3WGm. *nþ 221
12.2.4WGm. *nx 223
12.2.5Interpretation 224
12.3Before l 226
12.4Unstressed a > o near labials 227
12.5Summary 230
Chapter 13.Loss of nasals before voiceless fricatives 231
13.1WGm. *mf, *nf 231
13.2WGm. *ns 232
13.3WGm. *nþ 233
13.4Interpretation 238
Chapter 14.Breaking of e to jo, ju 241
Chapter 15.WGm. *u and *o in coastal Dutch 243
15.1Research history and preliminaries 244
15.1.1Research history 244
15.1.2On the presence vs. absence of an i-mutation factor 251
15.1.3On the allophones *u and *o 251
15.1.4On closed and open syllables 252
15.1.5On the graphemics of rounded vowels 253
15.2Unrounding of *ü 254
15.2.1Unrounding in closed syllable 257
15.2.2Flemish unrounding before rC 278
15.2.3Unrounding in open syllable 282
15.2.4Alleged evidence to be dismissed 289
15.2.5Summary and interpretation 301
a.In closed syllable 301
b.In open syllable 305
c.General conclusions 307
d.On the geographic distinction between i and e 308
15.3Fronting of *u and *o in coastal Dutch 309
15.3.1Short vowel 310
A.With i-mutation 310
B.Without i-mutation 321
15.3.2Lengthened vowel 342
A.With i-mutation 342
B.Without i-mutation 357
15.3.3Etymological variation between /u/ and /ü/ 367
15.3.4Summaries 372
15.3.5Interpretation 384
Chapter 16.WGm. *ū 391
16.1Period and conditioning of the fronting 391
16.2 Oe-relics in coastal Dutch toponyms 394
16.3 Oe-relics in the Standard Dutch vocabulary 397
16.4Conclusion 403
Chapter 17.WGm. *ea, *eo and *ō 405
17.1Coastal Dutch ee for StDu. ie 405
17.2Coastal Dutch oo for StDu. oe 408
17.2.1The Middle Dutch situation 409
17.2.2Mid vowel relic forms in western dialects 410
17.2.3Shortening to o 412
17.3Coastal Dutch eu from *ō without mutation factor 419
17.4North Hollandish ja, aa from *eu 427
Chapter 18.WGm. *ǣ 431
Chapter 19.Unrounding of *ǖ, *ȫ, *äü, and *iu 441
19.1Unrounding of *ǖ 441
19.2Unrounding of *ȫ 445
19.3Unrounding of *äü 451
19.4Unrounding of *iu 454
19.5The rise and unrounding of so-called “ui2 ” 462
19.6Summary and conclusions 464
Chapter 20.WGm. *ai 467
20.1Flemish ee and ei 468
20.2Hollandish ie and ei 470
20.3Dutch aa 475
20.4Dutch oo 493
Chapter 21.WGm. *au 505
21.1Dutch aa 505
21.2Dutch oe and eu 512
Chapter 22.Summary and conclusions 515
22.1Summary of the results 515
22.2Loanwords from Frisian 520
22.3Language shift or language continuity? 522
22.4General conclusion 526
Bibliography 529
Index 561
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