A tonal semi-reversal in Franconian dialects
Rule A vs. Rule B
Published online: 9 April 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.68.1.03koh
https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.68.1.03koh
This paper examines the genesis of a tonal semi-reversal in Franconian tone accent dialects, the so-called Rule A vs. Rule B. Contrary to the traditional assumption, the reversal takes place only under declarative intonation, but not in interrogatives. To account for the semi-reversal, I provide a scenario in which Rule A and Rule B derive from a common predecessor system, which I refer to as Rule 0. These novel findings have important consequences for our understanding of the accent genesis in general: I argue that a combination of my approach for the split with duration-based genesis scenarios leads to a plausible account. As the paper discusses in detail, it is problematic to adapt (previous) alternative proposals to the full data set.
References (33)
Bach, A. 1921. Die Schärfung in der moselfränkischen Mundart von Arzbach (Unter-westerwaldkreis). Beiträge zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur 451.266-290.
Bethin, C. 1998. Slavic Prosody: Language Change and Phonological Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boersma, P. 2006. The History of the Franconian Tone Contrast. University of Amsterdam: Unpublished Ms.
Gilles, P. 2005. Regionale Prosodie im Deutschen. Variabilität in der Intonation von Abschluss und Weiterweisung. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Gussenhoven, C. 2000a. The Lexical Tone Contrast of Roermond Dutch in Optimality Theory. In M. Horne (ed.), Intonation: Theory and Experiment, 129-167. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
. 2000b. On the Origin and Development of the Central Franconian Tone Contrast. In A. Lahiri (ed.), Analogy, Levelling, Markedness, 215-260. Berlin/ New York: de Gruyter.
. 2013. From Cologne to Arzbach: an Account of the Franconian “Tone Reversal”. In
Proceedings of Nordic Prosody XI
. Berlin/Frankfurt/New York: Peter Lang.
Kehrein, W. To appear. There’s no Tone in Cologne: Against Tone Segment Interactions in Franconian. In W. Kehrein & B. Köhnlein (eds.), Tone and Segmental Structure. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Köhnlein, B. 2011. Rule Reversal Revisited: Synchrony and Diachrony of Tone and Prosodic Structure in the Franconian Dialect of Arzbach. Ph.D. thesis, Leiden University.
. 2013. Optimizing the Relation between Tone and Prominence: Evidence from Franconian, Scandinavian, and Serbo-Croatian Tone Accent Systems. Lingua 1311.1-28.
. (forthcoming). Synchronic alternations between monophthongs and diph- thongs in Franconian tone accent oppositions. A metrical approach. In W. Kehrein., B. Köhnlein, M. van Oostendorp & P. Boersma (eds.), Tones and Segments. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kortlandt, F. 2007. The Origin of the Franconian Tone Accents. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur Älteren Germanistik 631.1-3.
Liberman, A. 1999. Schärfung/Stoottoon and Trägheitsakzent/Sleeptoon in the Rhein-Limburg Area and their Scandinavian Analogues. In E. Polomé & C. Justus (eds.), Language Change and Typological Variation: In Honor of Winfred P. Lehmann on the Occasion of his 83rd Birthday, 275-298. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
. 2006. Epenthetic Consonants and the Accentuation of Words with Closed Vowels in Low German, Dutch, and Danish dialects. In M. de Vaan (ed.),
Germanic Tone Accents. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Franconian Tone Accents, Leiden, 13-14 June
20031, 73-84. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Meyer, E. A. 1937. Die Intonation im Schwedischen I: Die Sveamundarten. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
Nörrenberg, K. 1884. Studien zu den niederrheinischen Mundarten. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutchen Sprache und Literatur 91.371-421.
Peters, J. 2006a. The Cologne Word Accent Revisited. In M. de Vaan (ed.), Germanic Tone Accents. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Franconian Tone Accents, 108-134. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
. 2007. A Bitonal Lexical Pitch Accent in the Limburgian Dialect of Borgloon. In T. Riad & C. Gussenhoven (eds.), Tones and Tunes: Typological Studies in Word and Sentence Prosody, vol. 11, 167-198. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Reitz, G. Die Rheinische Akzentuierung im Morbacher Platt. Morbach: Unpublished Ms.
Riad, T. 2003. Diachrony of the Scandinavian Accent Typology. In P. Fikkert, H. Jacobs (eds.), Studies in Generative Grammar: Development in Prosodic Systems, vol. 581, 91-144. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Schmidt, J.E. 1986. Die mittelfränkischen Tonakzente (Rheinische Akzentuierung). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
. 2002. Die Sprachhistorische Genese der mittelfränkischen Tonakzente. In P. Auer, et al.. (eds.), Silbenschnitt und Tonakzente, 201-233. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Schmidt, J.E. & H.J. Künzel. 2006. Das Rätsel löst sich: Phonetik und Sprachhistorische Genese der Tonakzente im Regelumkehrgebiet (Regel B). In M. de Vaan (ed.), Germanic Tone Accents. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Franconian Tone Accents, Leiden, 13-14 June 2003, 135-163. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Stewart, J. M. 1993. Dschang and Ebrié as Akan-type Total Downstep Languages. In H. van der Hulst & K. Snider (eds.), The Phonology of Tone: The Representation of Tonal Register, 85-244. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ternes, E. 2006. Tone Reversal in Franconian and Elsewhere. North-Western European Language Evolution 481.91-109.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Gussenhoven, Carlos & Jörg Peters
Köhnlein, Björn
2015. The complex durational relationship of contour tones and level tones. Diachronica 32:2 ► pp. 231 ff.
Köhnlein, Björn
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
