In:Eyes on Text: Eye movements in reading and language processing
Cengiz Acartürk
[Natural Language Processing 16] 2025
► pp. 339–342
Index
Published online: 8 September 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/nlp.16.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/nlp.16.index
A
- Abracadabrism22
- Accuracy46–47
- ADHD. See Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder112
- Age of acquisition84
- AGI. See Artificial General Intelligence277
- Alzheimer Disease258–259
- Analysis of Variance91, 97, 136
- Analytical approaches83
- Anaphora238
- ambiguity63
- antecedent238
- resolution239
- ANOVA. See Analysis of Variance91
- AntConc86
- AOIs. See Areas of Interest12
- Aphasia258
- Arabic86, 262, 264
- Area-based algorithms53
- Area-of-Interest Identification. See Area-based algorithms53
- Areas of Interest12
- Artificial General Intelligence277
- AruCo markers57
- ASD, See Autism Spectrum Disorder251, 253
- Asperger’s syndrome253
- Attention58, 168, 189, 252
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder112, 252
- Audio-support251
- Autism Spectrum Disorder251
- Automatic information-processing model168
B
- Behaviorism26, 163
- Between-subject design82, 96
- Bibliometric analysis30
- Bibliometrix31
- Biblioshiny31
- Binocular recording45
- Blinks8
- Boundary Paradigm104, 254
- British National Corpus85
C
- Calibration10, 47
- CELEX85
- Chinese20, 85, 204, 208, 211–212, 214, 220–221, 237, 255, 262, 264
- Chinrest46, 56
- Cloze procedure88, 156
- Cognitive effort279
- Cognitive guidance hypothesis178
- Cognitive revolution28
- Colored overlays, See Spectral overlays203, 251
- Comprehension28, 33, 100, 235
- Comprehension questions78, 80
- Computational models77
- Contact lenses102
- Content words59
- Cornea38, 44
- Corneal reflection46
- Corpus of Contemporary American English85
- Creative Commons92
- Crowd-sourcing89
D
- Data9
- cleansing125
- quality122
- reliability122
- validity122
- Delayed processing effects62
- DEM, See Developmental Eye Movement test251
- Dependent variables10, 130
- Developmental Eye Movement test248
- Direct lexical control assumption212
- Disappearing text paradigm112
- Discourse connective236
- Dispersion-based algorithms
- Drift43
- check47
- error10
- Drifting text42
- Dual-route processing model176, 218
- Dundee Corpus87
- Dutch85
- Dyslexia67, 203, 249
E
- Early measures63
- Ecological validity68
- EEG. See Electroencephalography113
- EEG coregistration115, 213
- Electroencephalography113
- Electro-oculography45
- English85, 213, 218, 221, 248–249, 265
- EOG. See Electro-oculography45
- ERPs. See Event-related potentials237
- Event-related potentials113
- Eye movement control33
- Eye movement event detection9, 44, 53
- Eye trackers44
- Eye voice span27, 66
- Eye-mind hypothesis58
- Eye-monitoring systems. See Eye trackers44
- E-Z Reader model29, 64, 182
F
- FAZ. See Foveal avascular zone40
- Finnish214, 218, 247
- First fixation duration62–63, 130, 133, 248
- First pass reading60, 63
- Fixation Location57
- Inverted Optimal Viewing Position211
- Landing site211–212
- Launch site211–212
- Optimal viewing position211
- Preferred viewing location211
- saccadic range error212
- Fixations9, 125
- count59
- duration10, 59, 250, 254
- location59
- measures
- short
- transition
- Fixation-saccade sequence41
- Fixed-width font. See Monospaced font201, 203
- Flesch Reading Ease Score82
- fMRI, See Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging113, 232
- fNIRS. See Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
- Fog index82
- Font201
- color203
- monospaced201
- proportional spacing201
- size201
- spacing201, 204, 250
- type201
- width
- Forehead rest46, 56
- Fovea38
- avascular zone
- centralis37
- Function words59, 205
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging113
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy113
- Functional visual field35, 38
G
- Gaze duration60, 62
- Gaze shifts62
- Gaze-Contingent Moving Window Paradigm104
- GCMW, See Gaze-Contingent Moving Window104, 257
- GECO Corpus87
- Generalized Linear Mixed Models91, 97
- Generative grammar28
- Generative Pre-trained Transformers90, 277, 280
- German85, 219–220, 247, 250
- Glasses102
- Glaucoma257
- Glenmore model184
- GLMs. See Generalized Linear Mixed Models91
- Go-past time63
- Gough’s model166
- GPTs. See Generative Pre-trained Transformers277
- Grounded cognition232
H
- Heatmaps94
- Hebrew219
- Hemianopic Alexia256
- Hidden Markov model fixation identification. See Velocity-based algorithms53
- Homophone facilitating effect208
- Homunculus1
- Human in the Loop paradigm90, 279, 281
I
- I-AOI. See Area-of-Interest Identification53
- Idiom priming effects263
- I-DT. See Dispersion-Threshold Identification9, 53
- I-HMM. See Hidden Markov model fixation identification53
- Immediacy assumption180
- Immediate processing effects62
- I-MST. See Minimum Spanning Trees Identification53
- Independent variables130
- Individual differences33, 75, 95, 280
- Information processing framework28, 161
- Inner speech64
- Interactive activation and competition model174
- Interest Areas. See Areas of Interest12
- Inter-subject variance75
- Iris38
- I-VT. See Velocity-Threshold Identification53
J
- Japanese20, 86, 204, 212, 264
K
- Korean205, 214
L
- L2, See Readers:Second Language75, 206, 254, 261
- Large Language Models156, 176, 277
- Late measures63
- Lens38
- Letter recognition28, 173
- Letter transposition216
- Lexical
- access10, 58–59
- ambiguity223
- decision task103
- Licenses for text reuse93
- Linear Mixed Models91, 97
- lme4101, 138–139
- lmer138
- Linear Mixed Models
- Linear regression131
- Linguistic
- competence29
- performance29
- LLMs. See Large Language Models277
- LMMs. See Linear Mixed Models91
- Logogen model165
M
- Macula lutea37
- Maculopathy256
- Magnetoencephalography113
- Matthew Effects250
- MECO Corpus87
- MEG. See Magnetoencephalography113
- Microsaccades43
- Mind wandering24, 279
- Minimum Spanning Trees Identification. See Dispersion-based algorithms53
- Monocular recording45
- Morphology217
- Moving Mask paradigm106
- Multi-store memory model164
N
- Natural Language Processing77, 277
- Neuronal recycling hypothesis22
- NLP. See Natural Language Processing277
- NLTK Natural Language Toolkit86
- Nonstandard text18
- Normal distribution134
O
- OB1-Reader model29, 185
- Occipito-Temporal cortex22
- Oculomotor control178
- OGAMA54
- OKN. See Optokinetic Nystagmus42
- OKR. See Optokinetic Reflex
- Optic nerve38
- Optokinetic Nystagmus42
- Optokinetic Reflex42
- Oral reading27, 66, 249
- Orthographic neighborhood24, 215
P
- Parafoveal
- benefit66
- information intake213
- parafoveal-on-foveal effect213–214
- preview108
- preview benefit109, 254
- vision38
- words214, 247
- Parallel models84, 213
- Parkinson’s Disease259
- Perceptual span5, 33, 37, 40, 99, 103, 171, 262
- Peripheral vision37
- Personalized interfaces279
- Personalized text280
- Phonological
- activation206, 208
- ambiguity206
- awareness98, 249
- decoding208
- processing208
- representations209
- Phonology
- lexical stress209
- Photoreceptors37
- Pictograms19
- Pictographs. See Pictograms19
- Portuguese86
- Potsdam Sentence Corpus87
- Power analysis101
- Pragmatic
- ambiguity230–231
- Precision8, 46–47
- Preview benefit
- Proofreading79
- Provo Corpus87
- Pseudowords219
- PSR Persian Sentence Corpus87
- PsychoPy89
- PubMed30
- Pupil38, 43
- dilation43
- pupillary response43, 116
- pupillometry116
- size10, 43, 116
- PyGaze54
R
- R language138
- RAN. See Rapid Automatized Naming99
- Random intercept97, 150
- Random slope97, 150
- Rapid Automatized Naming99, 248
- Rapid Serial Visual Presentation110, 253
- Raw data52
- Readability81
- Readers
- adults75
- bilingual75, 213, 263
- children247
- deaf75, 210
- elderly103, 204
- less proficient209
- older
- proficient209
- second language75
- Reading18, 23–24, 27, 254
- aloud. See Oral reading23
- attentive24, 59
- definitions27
- development245
- difficulties
- foreign language24
- intensive79
- L2
- poetry234
- selective79
- senses
- skills79
- source codes242
- speed
- strategies
- Reading speed28, 284
- Reading strategies79, 285
- scanning23, 79, 279, 285
- skimming23, 79, 279, 285
- Rebus method20
- Referential
- ambiguity230
- Refixations11, 60, 87
- Regions of Interest. See Areas of Interest12
- Regression path duration63
- Rereading times62
- Retina24, 37–38
- Return sweep41, 212, 252
- ROI. See AOIs, See AOIs12
- RSVP. See Rapid Serial Visual Presentation110
- Russian Sentence Corpus87
S
- Saccades9, 11, 24, 57, 61, 255
- amplitude59
- direction59
- latency27
- measures
- progressive11
- regression254
- regressive, See Regressions60
- Saccadic scrolling112
- Saccadic suppression27
- Sampling assumption93, 97
- Sampling rate51
- Scanning, See Reading strategies
- Schizophrenia259
- Scopus30
- Screen glare57
- Screen resolution50
- See Velocity-based algorithms54
- Semantic
- ambiguity229
- inconsistency63
- integration63
- preview benefit214
- Sentence reading80, 114
- Sentences
- complex222
- garden-path225
- Serial models84, 213
- Silent reading27
- Simple view. See Gough’s model167
- Simplified text280
- simr101
- Single fixation duration59, 63
- Skimming, See Reading strategies
- Sliding text. See Drifting text42
- SM model175
- SMOG index82
- Smooth pursuit42, 44
- Spanish213, 229, 253
- Spatial accuracy8
- Spectral overlays251
- Speed reading25, 78, 284
- Stage-model processing64, 163
- Stochastic modeling187
- Subtitles241
- SUBTLEX85
- Subvocalization, See Inner speech43, 65
- SWIFT model29, 64, 183
- Syllabaries20
- Syntactic63
- ambiguity248
- ambiguity resolution228
- complexity63, 81, 100, 108, 217, 255
- re-analysis
T
- Target-word approaches91
- Task effects25, 78
- Task instructions77
- Text240
- case alternation205
- digital
- spacing
- translated (Kasperė et al., 2023)233
- unspaced204
- Thai212, 262
- Torsion43
- Total reading time60, 63
- Trailing mask paradigm112
- Transposed-letter neighboring215
- Tremors43
- TURead Corpus87
- Turkish86
U
- Universal grammar29
V
- Velocity-based algorithms9
- Vergence43
- Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex42
- Virtual Reality23, 57
- Visual angle38, 48
- Visual Word Form Area22
- VOR. See Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex42
- VR. See Virtual Reality23
W
- Wearable eye trackers55
- Web of Science30
- Within-subject design82, 96
- Word
- familiarity84
- foveal107
- frequency33, 59, 84, 114, 152, 247, 250
- homophone109, 206
- homophones
- length84, 87, 130, 133, 205, 211, 250
- predictability33, 84, 87, 154, 205, 211, 255
- preview107
- recognition25, 33, 63–64, 103, 165, 169
- skipping205, 250, 254
- skipping probability63
- superiority effect173
- Words
- complex
- compound217
- emotion220
- monomorphemic217
- Working memory210, 248, 255, 260
- WoS. See Web of Science30
- Writing243
- Wuggy220
Z
- ZuCo Zurich Cognitive Language Processing Corpus115
