Article published In: Narrative Inquiry
Vol. 34:1 (2024) ► pp.53–77
“By whom was I left behind?”
Identity struggles in the narratives of Chinese leftover women (sheng nü)
Published online: 18 November 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.21095.yan
https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.21095.yan
Abstract
Applying (2012). Narrative practice and identity navigation. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Varieties of narrative analysis (pp. 99–124). Sage. practice-oriented analytical framework for
narrative identity as produced through specific linguistic behaviours, this research focuses on the context-specific construction
of multiple identities in the accounts of Chinese leftover women (sheng nü). It also seeks to investigate how
they negotiate selves and handle struggles in both the storyworld and the storytelling-world by examining the trinity of form,
content and context narrated in seven semi-structured interviews. This research reveals that these unmarried Chinese women attempt
to narrate a positive positioning of self. They deconstruct the socially ascribed leftover identity but renegotiate a gendered
self as either invisible or visible women integrated within an agentic ‘excellent’ (youxiu) self, albeit somehow
disrupted within the diverse embedding of patriarchal cultural accounts.
Article outline
- Introduction
- Literature review
- Bamberg’s (2012) dimensions and a reflection
- Methodology
- Critical analysis: Narrated identity struggles
- Repudiated leftover self
- Gendered self: Invisible or visible women?
- Narrated ‘manly woman’ (nü-hanzi)
- Deconstructed third-gender
- ‘Excellent’ (youxiu) self: Agency in (dis)continuity
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
References
References (43)
Bamberg, M. (2006). Stories: Big or small; Why do we care? Narrative Inquiry, 16(1), 139–147.
(2012). Narrative practice and identity navigation. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Varieties of narrative analysis (pp. 99–124). Sage.
Bamberg, M., & Wipff, Z. (2021). Re-considering counter narratives. In K. Lueg & M. Wolf Lundholt (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of counter narratives (pp. 71–84). Routledge.
Billett, S. (2008). Learning throughout working life: A relational interdependence between personal and social agency. British Journal of educational studies, 56(1), 39–58.
Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2005). Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic approach. Discourse Studies, 7(4–5), 585–614.
Clifton, J., & Van De Mieroop, D. (2017). Identities on a learning curve: Female migrant narratives and the construction of identities of (non)participation in communities of practice. In D. Van De Mieroop & S. Schnurr (Eds.), Identity Struggles: Evidence from workplaces around the world (pp. 225–240). John Benjamins.
De Fina, A. (2015). Narrative and identities. In A. De Fina & A. Georgakopoulou (Eds.), The Handbook of Narrative Analysis (pp. 351–368). Cambridge University Press.
(2021). Doing narrative analysis from a narratives-as-practices perspective. Narrative Inquiry, 31(1), 49–71.
Dickerson, Y. (2016). Chinese female graduate students on us campuses: Negotiating classroom silence, the leftover woman and the good woman discourses [Doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University]. [URL]
Feldshuh, H. (2018). Gender, media, and myth-making: constructing China’s leftover women. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(1), 38–54.
Freeman, M. (2003). Identity and difference in narrative interaction. A commentary. Narrative Inquiry, 13(2), 331–346.
Friedman, A. R. (2014). Shengnü: The Leftover Woman and Changing Perspectives of Femininity in Urban China [Doctoral dissertation, Emory University]. [URL]
Gaetano, A. (2014). “Leftover women”: Postponing marriage and renegotiating womanhood in urban China. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 4(2), 124–150.
Georgakopoulou, A. (2006). Small and large identities in narrative (inter)action. In A. De Fina, D. Schiffrin & M. Bamberg (Eds.), Discourse and Identity (pp. 83–102). Cambridge University Press.
Gui, T. (2020). “Leftover Women” or Single by Choice: Gender Role Negotiation of Single Professional Women in Contemporary China. Journal of Family Issues, 41(11), 1956–1978.
Gunn, J. (2009). Agency. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory (pp. 28–31). Sage.
Ji, Y. (2015). Between tradition and modernity: “Leftover” women in Shanghai. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(5), 1057–1073.
Lake, R. (2018). Leftover in China: The Women Shaping the World’s Next Superpower. WW Norton & Company.
Lewis, P., & Simpson, R. (2012). Kanter Revisited: Gender, Power and (In)Visibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(2), 141–158.
Li, J. (2016). Gender Malleability and the Discursive Construction of Wo-man and Ladyboy in Media. Texas Linguistics Forum, 591, 71–78. [URL]
Liu, F. (2014). From Degendering to (Re)Gendering the Self: Chinese Youth Negotiating Modern Womanhood. Gender and Education, 26(1), 18–34.
Liu, Q. (2021). Qualified to be deviant: stigma-management strategies among Chinese leftover women. International Journal of Law in Context, 17(3), 284–300.
Magnusson, E., & Marecek, J. (2015). Doing interview-based qualitative research: A learner’s guide. Cambridge University Press.
Maydell, E. (2020). “And in Israel we BECAME Russians straight away”. Narrative Inquiry, 30(2), 404–426.
Peng, A. Y. (2021). Gender and the privacy paradox in Chinese college students’ locative dating communication. Global Media and China, 6(2), 225–240.
Schiffrin, D. (1996). Narrative as self portrait: sociolinguistic constructions of identity. Language in Society, 25(2), 167–203.
Sznitman, S. (2005). “I Am Not a Drug Abuser, I Am a Drug User”: A Discourse Analysis of 44 Drug Users’ Construction of Identity. Addiction Research and Theory. 13(4), 333–346.
Taubner, H., Hallén, M., & Wengelin, A. (2020). Still the same? – Self-identity dilemmas when living with post-stroke aphasia in a digitalised society. Aphasiology, 34(3), 300–318.
To, S. (2013). Understanding Sheng nu (“leftover women”): The phenomenon of late marriage among Chinese professional women. Symbolic Interaction, 36(1), 1–20.
(2015). China’s leftover women: Late marriage among professional women and its consequences. Routledge.
Van De Mieroop, D. (2021). The Narrative Dimensions Model and an Exploration of Various Narrative Genres. Narrative Inquiry, 31(1), 1–24.
Van De Mieroop, D., & Clifton, J. (2014). The discursive management of identity in interviews with female former colonials of the Belgian Congo: Scrutinizing the role of the interviewer. Pragmatics, 24(1), 131–155.
Van De Mieroop, D., & Schnurr, S. (2017). Epilogue: Identity struggles as a reflection of knowledge, competing norms, and attempts for social change. In D. Van De Mieroop & S. Schnurr (Eds.), Identity struggles: Evidence from workplaces around the world (pp. 445–454). John Benjamins.
Van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing standard, 16(40), 33–36.
Woolf, A. R., & Nicolopoulou, A. (2021). The Two-Lens Approach: A holistic theoretical framework for studying the form, content, and context of children’s narratives. Narrative Inquiry, 31(1), 191–213.
Yu, Y. (2019). Media representations of ‘leftover women’ in China: a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. Gender and Language, 13(3), 369–395.
Yu, Y., & Nartey, M. (2021). Constructing the myth of protest masculinity in Chinese English language news media: a critical discourse analysis of the representation of ‘leftover men’. Gender and Language, 15(2), 184–206.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Zhang, Ke, Qiang Fang & Huibin Zhuang
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
