Article published In: Narrative Inquiry
Vol. 28:1 (2018) ► pp.56–74
Learning English in Catalonia
Beliefs and emotions through small stories and iterativity
Published online: 27 September 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.17029.die
https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.17029.die
Abstract
The aim of this study is to unveil English learners’ beliefs and emotions regarding the English language education received in Catalan schools. For that purpose, data from 5 focus groups with 31 university students have been analysed through a combination of MCA and small stories analysis. The findings reveal that the participants are dissatisfied with the English language education provided, and they believe that the teachers and/or the system are to blame for their (low) level of English. In the main story analysed, boredom, demotivation, irritation and frustration are emotions attached to English learning in high school, which are also present in most of our subjects’ small stories; it is the repetition (iterativity) of small stories, beliefs and emotions across participants that leads us to the detection of a discourse of victimhood, by which students identify themselves as the victims of their English teachers and/or the education system.
Keywords: learners’ beliefs, learners’ emotions, MCA, positioning, small stories, iterativity
Article outline
- Introduction
- Learning English from a sociocultural approach: Beliefs and emotions
- Learning English in Catalonia: Theory vs. practice
- The study: Data and methodological aspects
- Findings
- Level 1.Yolanda’s story and the “present-simple teacher”
- Level 2.Expressing emotions and negotiating discourses
- Level 3.The discourse of victimhood
- Discussion and conclusions
- Acknowledgements
References
References (37)
Aguilar, A. (2003). We are much better than we were. There is still much to be done: English in Catalunya. Humanising Language Teaching, 5(6). [Retrieved from: [URL]]
Amuzie, G. L. & Winke, P. (2009). Changes in language learning beliefs as a result of study abroad”. System, 37(3), 366–379.
Arnau, J., & Vila, X. (2013). Language-in-education Policies in the Catalan Language Area. In J. Arnau (Ed.), Reviving Catalan at school: Challenges and instructional approaches (pp. 1–28). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Bamberg, M. G. (1997). Positioning between structure and performance. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 7(1–4), 335–342.
Bamberg, M., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2008). Small stories as a new perspective in narrative and identity analysis. Text & Talk, 28(3), 377–396.
Barcelos, A. M. F. (2000). Understanding teachers’ and students’ language learning beliefs in experience: A Deweyan approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Alabama, Tucaloosa.
Block, D. (2003). The social turn in second language acquisition. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Consell Superior d’Avaluació del Sistema Educatiu, Generalitat de Catalunya (CSASE). (2016a). Avaluació de les competències bàsiques (4t d’ESO). [Retrieved from: [URL]]
. (2016b). Avaluació de les competències bàsiques (sisè de primària). [Retrieved from: [URL]]
Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1), 43–63.
Departament d’Ensenyament, Generalitat de Catalunya. (2015). Dades Educació Secundària Obligatòria 2015-2016. [Retrieved from: [URL]]
De Fina, A. (2013). Positioning level 3: Connecting local identity displays to macro social processes. Narrative Inquiry, 23(1), 40–61.
De Fina, A., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2008). Analysing narratives as practices. Qualitative Research, 8(3), 379–387.
(2011). Analyzing narrative: Discourses and sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deppermann, A. (2013). How to get a grip on identities-in-interaction: (What) does ‘positioning’ offer more than ‘membership categorization’? Evidence from a mock story. Narrative Inquiry, 23(1), 62–88.
Document Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya (DOGC). (2014). Llei 2/2014, de 27 de gener, de mesures fiscals, administratives, financieres i del sector públic (número 6551). [Retrieved from: [URL]]
(2015). Decret 187/2015, de 25 d’agost, d’ordenació dels ensenyaments de l’educació secundària obligatòria (número 6945). [Retrieved from: [URL]]
Georgakopoulou, A. (2006). Thinking big with small stories in narrative and identity analysis. Narrative Inquiry, 16(1), 129–137.
(2007). Small stories, interaction and identities. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing
(2013). Building iterativity into positioning analysis: A practice-based approach to small stories and self. Narrative Inquiry, 23(1), 89–110.
Labov, W., & Waletzky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In J. Helm (Ed.), Essays on the verbal and visual arts (pp. 12–44). Seattle, WA: Washington University Press.
Miccoli, L. (2008). Individual Classroom experiences: A sociocultural comparison for understanding EFL classroom language learning. Ilha do Desterro, 41(1), 61–91.
Miller, J. (2003). Audible Difference: ESL and Social Identities in Schools. Clevedon/Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Niemeier, S., & Dirven, R. (1997). The language of emotions. Conceptualization, expression, and theoretical foundation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Norton, B. (2000). Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity and educational change. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education/Longman.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37(2), 91–105.
Peng, J. -E. (2011). Changes in language learning beliefs during a transition to tertiary study: The mediation of classroom affordances. System, 39(3), 314–324.
Riley, P. A. (2009). Shifts in beliefs about second language learning. RELC Journal, 40(1), 102–124.
Roca-Cuberes, C. (2008). Membership categorization and professional insanity ascription. Discourse Studies, 10(4), 543–570.
Sacks, H. (1972). On the analyzability of stories by children. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication (pp. 325–345). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Tragant, M., Miralpeix, I., Serrano, R., Pahissa, I., Navés, T., Gilabert, R., & Serra, N. (2014). Cómo se enseña inglés en un grupo de institutos donde se obtienen resultados destacables en la prueba de lengua inglesa en las PAU. Revista de Educación, 363(1), 60–82.
Vallespín, I. (2014, January 31). La justicia fija en el 25% las clases en castellano en Cataluña. El País. [Retrieved from [URL]]
Watson, D. R. (1978). Categorization, authorization and blame-negotiation in conversation. Sociology, 12(1), 105–113.
Wilkinson, S., & Kitzinger, C. (2003). Constructing identities: A feminist conversation analytic approach to positioning in action. In R. Harré & F. Moghaddam (Eds.), The self and others: Positioning individuals and groups in personal, political, and cultural contexts (pp. 157–180). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Aguilar-Pérez, Marta & Elisabet Arnó-Macià
Diert-Boté, Irati
2023. Positivity in the English language learning classroom. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 36:2 ► pp. 357 ff.
Diert-Boté, Irati
Shen, Bin, Yabing Wang, Yang Yang & Xiaoxiao Yu
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
