Article published In: Linguistics in the Netherlands 2024
Edited by Marco Bril and Kristel Doreleijers
[Nota Bene 1:2] 2024
► pp. 276–292
Als dan or dan als?
Preferences in clause order for Dutch conditionals
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with Radboud University Nijmegen.
Published online: 24 January 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/nb.00017.van
https://doi.org/10.1075/nb.00017.van
Abstract
Dutch conditional sentences can occur in canonical clause order, such that the antecedent precedes the consequent,
but also in non-canonical order, with the antecedent in sentence-final position. One explanation for the existence of this variety
lies in the implicatures they convey: predictive conditionals have what . 2022. Connecting
conditionals: A corpus-based approach to conditional constructions in
Dutch. LOT.
labels a more direct connectedness, possibly resulting in a larger preference for the canonical order than speech act
conditionals, which are known for their indirect connectedness. Clause order preference could also be influenced by the desire to
optimise discourse coherency (Lee, Chang-Bong. 2001. The
information status of English if-clauses in natural discourse. Language
Research 91. 483–505.). We put these two factors to the test in an
online experiment and found evidence for both theories but not for their interaction. Interestingly, we also found a general
preference for the canonical order across all conditions.
Keywords: conditionals, clause order, connectedness, discourse coherency, Dutch
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Clause order and connectedness
- 1.2Clause order and information structure
- 1.3The current study
- 2.Method
- 2.1Materials
- 2.2Participants and procedure
- 3.Results
- 4.General discussion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (39)
Bartoń, Kamil. 2023. MuMIn:
Multi-Model Inference. [URL]. (8 June,
2023).
Box, George E. P. & David R. Cox. 1964. An
analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B
(Methodological) 26(2). 211–243.
Clark, Herbert H. & Susan E. Haviland. 1977. Comprehension
and the given-new contract. In Roy O. Freedle (ed.), Discourse
Production and Comprehension, 1–40. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Comrie, Bernard. 1986. Conditionals:
A typology. In Alice Ter Meulen, Charles A. Ferguson, Elizabeth Closs Traugott & Judy Snitzer Reilly (eds.), On
Conditionals, 77–100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dancygier, Barbara. 1999. Conditionals
and prediction: Time, knowledge and causation in conditional
constructions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 1997. Then
in conditional constructions. Cognitive
Linguistics 8(2). 109–136.
. 2000. Constructions
with if, since, and because: Causality, epistemic stance, and clause
order. In Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen & Bernd Kortmann (eds.), Cause
— Condition — Concession — Contrast: Cognitive and Discourse
Perspectives, 111–142. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Declerck, Renaat & Susan Reed. 2001. Conditionals:
A comprehensive empirical analysis. Berlin: De Gruyter.
DeRose, Keith & Richard E. Grandy. 1999. Conditional
assertions and “biscuit”
conditionals. Noûs 33(3). 405–420.
Diessel, Holger. 2005. Competing
motivations for the ordering of main and adverbial
clauses. Linguistics 43(3). 449–470.
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. 2005. The social and communicative
function of conditional statements. Mind &
Society 4(1). 97–113.
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. & Stephen E. Newstead. 1977. Language
and reasoning: a study of temporal
factors. Cognition 5(3). 265–283.
Ford, Cecilia E. 1997. Speaking conditionally: Some
contexts for If-clauses in conversation. In Angeliki Athanasiadou & René Dirven (eds.), On
Conditionals
Again, 387–413. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Ford, Cecilia E. & Sandra A. Thompson. 1986. Conditionals
in discourse: A text-based study from English. In Alice Ter Meulen, Charles A. Ferguson, Elizabeth C. Traugott & Judy S. Reilly (eds.), On
Conditionals, 353–372. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fox, John, Sanford Weisberg, Brad Price, Daniel Adler, Douglas Bates, Gabriel Baud-Bovy, Ben Bolker, et al. 2023. car:
Companion to applied regression. [URL]. (8 June,
2023).
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1966. Some universals of grammar with
particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.), Universals
of Language: Report of a Conference Held at Dobbs Ferry, New York, April 13–15,
1961, 73–113. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Haigh, Matthew & Andrew J. Stewart. 2011. The
influence of clause order, congruency, and probability on the processing of
conditionals. Thinking &
Reasoning 17(4). 402–423.
Haigh, Matthew, Andrew J. Stewart, Jeffrey S. Wood & Louise Connell. 2011. Conditional
advice and inducements: Are readers sensitive to implicit speech acts during
comprehension? Acta
Psychologica 136(3). 419–424.
Haviland, Susan E. & Herbert H. Clark. 1974. What’s
new? Acquiring New information as a process in comprehension. Journal of Verbal Learning and
Verbal
Behavior 13(5). 512–521.
König, Ekkehard & Johan van der Auwera. 1988. Clause
integration in German and Dutch conditionals, concessive conditionals, and
concessives. In John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Clause
Combining in Grammar and Discourse (Typological Studies in
Language), 101–134. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Lastres-López, Cristina. 2020. Beyond
conditionality: On the pragmaticalization of interpersonal if-constructions in English
conversation. Journal of
Pragmatics 1571. 68–83.
Lee, Chang-Bong. 2001. The
information status of English if-clauses in natural discourse. Language
Research 91. 483–505.
López-Rousseau, Alejandro & Timothy Ketelaar. 2006. Juliet:
If they do see thee, they will murder thee. A satisficing algorithm for pragmatic
conditionals. Mind &
Society 5(1). 71–77.
Lüdecke, Daniel, Alexander Bartel, Carsten Schwemmer, Chuck Powell, Amir Djalovski & Johannes Titz. 2023. sjPlot:
Data visualization for statistics in social science. [URL]. (18
March, 2024).
Nall, Shu Pin & Timothy M. Nall. 2010. English
“if-clauses”: A corpus-based genre analysis of their incidence, ordering and pragmatic
effects. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional
Practice 7(2). 205–227.
Nguyen, Hung & Stefano Galelli. 2020. ldsr:
Linear dynamical system reconstruction. [URL]. (16 March,
2024).
Qualtrics. 2020. Provo, Utah, VS:
Qualtrics. [URL]
R Core Team. 2022. R: A language and
environment for statistical computing. Wenen: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. [URL]
Renmans, Bram & William Van Belle. 2003. The
use of the particle dan in Dutch conditional sentences. Leuvense Bijdragen —
Leuven Contributions in Linguistics and
Philology 92(1–2). 141–158.
Reuneker, Alex. 2017. Sentence-medial
if-clauses in Dutch: Frequency, semantic domain and syntactic
integration. Nederlandse
Taalkunde 22(1). 137–148.
. 2020. Clause
order and syntactic integration patterns in Dutch conditionals. Linguistics in the
Netherlands 37(1). 119–134.
. 2022. Connecting
conditionals: A corpus-based approach to conditional constructions in
Dutch. LOT.
Ripley, Brian, Bill Venables, Douglas M. Bates, Kurt Hornik, Albrecht Gebhardt & David Firth. 2024. MASS:
Support functions and datasets for venables and Ripley’s MASS. [URL]. (16 March,
2024).
Singmann, Henrik, Ben Bolker, Jake Westfall, Frederik Aust, Mattan S. Ben-Shachar, Søren Højsgaard, John Fox, et al. 2024. afex:
Analysis of factorial experiments. [URL]. (16 March,
2024).
Stewart, Andrew J., Matthew Haigh & Evan Kidd. 2009. An
investigation into the online processing of counterfactual and indicative
conditionals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology 62(11). 2113–2125.
Sweetser, Eve. 1990. From
etymology to pragmatics: Metaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic
structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, Valerie A., Jonathan St. B. T. Evans & Simon J. Handley. 2005. Persuading
and dissuading by conditional argument. Journal of Memory and
Language 53(2). 238–257.
Wickham, Hadley & RStudio. 2023. tidyverse:
Easily install and load the “Tidyverse.” [URL]. (8
June, 2023).
