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Article published In: Metaphor and the Social World
Vol. 7:2 (2017) ► pp.270–290

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The function of metaphor framing, deliberate or otherwise, in a social world

 | Oberlin College
Published online: 20 November 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.7.2.06thi
Abstract
Metaphor frames highlight certain aspects of a target domain and deemphasize others, thereby encouraging specific patterns of inference. A recent series of studies (Reijnierse, W. G., Burgers, C., Krennmayr, T., & Steen, G. J. (2015). How viruses and beasts affect our opinions (or not): The role of extendedness in metaphorical framing. Metaphor and the Social World, 5(2), 245–263. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Steen, G. J., Reijnierse, W. G., & Burgers, C. (2014). When do natural language metaphors influence reasoning? A follow-up study to Thibodeau and Boroditsky (2013). PloS ONE, 9(12), e113536. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), however, raises questions about the role of metaphor in communication and reasoning by (a) failing to find metaphor framing effects on a series of policy judgments, (b) critiquing the methods that have been used to test for metaphor framing effects, and (c) arguing that current theories of metaphor processing fail to consider the social-pragmatic dimension of metaphor in communication. Here, I reflect on these concerns and present novel analyses of data collected by Steen and colleagues, which reveal metaphor framing effects in these studies but fail to support a prediction of Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT): that extended metaphors are more likely to be remembered. DMT attempts to situate metaphor framing effects more intentionally along a social-pragmatic dimension; developing and testing the theory was a primary motivation of the studies conducted by Steen and colleagues. I discuss the implications of these findings and offer a perspective on how DMT can help grow our knowledge of the function of metaphor in a social world.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The organizational role of metaphor
    • 2.1What is the right control condition for a metaphor framing study?
    • 2.2Statistical power
    • 2.3Extended metaphor
  • 3.Analysis 1: Comparing metaphor frames
    • 3.1Methods
    • 3.2Results
    • 3.3Discussion
  • 4.Deliberate Metaphor Theory
  • 5.Analysis 2: Were people more likely to remember extended metaphors?
    • 5.1Discussion
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
References (49)
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