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Article published In: Metaphor and the Social World
Vol. 14:2 (2024) ► pp.304–321

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Metaphors for multiculturalism in the Canadian context

 | The University of Western Ontario
 | The University of Western Ontario
Published online: 5 April 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00045.sha
Abstract
Although Canada is reputed for being a multicultural society, Canadians’ opinions vary regarding the extent to which multiculturalism should be promoted. Examining metaphorical language in discourse about multiculturalism may reveal which metaphors are typically used to endorse it and which ones are typically used to express a more skeptical stance. This study analyzed 646 opinion pieces regarding multiculturalism published in Canadian newspapers. Linguistic metaphors were identified and then grouped under themes. The texts were categorized according to the authors’ stance, and instantiations of the metaphor themes were tallied to determine if some occur more frequently in discourse that promotes multiculturalism compared to discourse that expresses reservations. Some metaphor themes were instantiated more often either in texts painting a positive picture of multicultural society (e.g., a multicultural society is a varied, multi-component work of art or craft) or in ones expressing reservations (e.g., multiculturalism is a destabilizing or divisive force). Such contrasts were nonetheless attenuated by the way a single metaphor theme can be used to serve different rhetorical purposes. It also appears that writers are not always aware of the entailments of the metaphors they use, especially if these are conventionalized phrases.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Metaphors for immigration
  • 3.Earlier publications about metaphors for multiculturalism
  • 4.The present study
    • 4.1Rationale and research questions
    • 4.2Method
    • 4.3Results and discussion
  • 5.Conclusion and limitations
  • Notes
  • References
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