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The analysis of rightmost focus is alive and kicking

Evidence from Arabic

ORCiD logo with link | Jazan University
Published online: 8 April 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.24048.alz
Abstract
As far back as Cecchetto, Carlo. 1999. A comparative analysis of left and right dislocation in Romance. Studia Linguistica 53(1). 40–67. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2000. The syntax of sentence periphery: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dissertation. and Belletti (. 2001. Inversion as focalization. Subject inversion in Romance and the theory of Universal Grammar 601. 90. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2004. Aspects of the low IP area. The structure of CP and IP. The cartography of syntactic structures 21. 16–51. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), the low IP area has gained prominence in the literature. In this article we show that right dislocation in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), qua an information-structural configuration, is counterintuitive to the argument that there is a discursive area sandwiched between IP and vP, and in favour of a clause-external analysis which locates right-dislocated phrases IP-externally. This claim is based on inspecting the properties of right dislocated elements in MSA relative to binding under Condition C, licensing negative polarity items, agreement alternation and wide focus. Crucially, the IP-external analysis of right dislocation, as a consequence, proves to present a unified account of focus in MSA, where we maintain that the apparent complexity and diversity of focus in this language is illusory, and epiphenomenal, emerging from the interaction of focus expressions and right dislocation — to wit, focalization in MSA occurs in situ, specifically in the rightmost position, with string-initial focus and string-medial focus being taken to be a reflex of an interfering right dislocation process targeting an IP-external position. The resulting outcome thus strongly lends support to Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. 2006. When right dislocation meets the left-periphery.: A unified analysis of Italian non-final focus. Lingua 116(6). 836–873. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar model of a focus-less split CP, gives evidence that the rightmost analysis of focus (Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa. 1998. Prosody, focus, and word order. MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Büring, Daniel. 2001. Let’s phrase it! focus, word order, and prosodic phrasing in German double object constructions. Competition in syntax 101–137. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Dehé, Nicole. 2005. The optimal placement of up and ab-a comparison. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 81. 185–224. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. 2006. When right dislocation meets the left-periphery.: A unified analysis of Italian non-final focus. Lingua 116(6). 836–873. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2015. The interaction of focus, givenness, and prosody: A study of italian clause structure, vol. 571. OUP Oxford. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) cover historically unrelated languages, and likewise casts a shadow of doubt on the viability of the cartographic approach to MSA à la Ouhalla (Ouhalla, Jamal. 1994a. Focus in Standard Arabic. Linguistics in Potsdam 11. 65–92.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 1997. Remarks on focus in Standard Arabic. Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic: science series 41 9–46. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) and . 2000. Remarks on the complementizer layer of Standard Arabic. In Research in afroasiatic grammar: Papers from the third conference on afroasiatic languages, sophia antipolis, 1996, vol. 202, 3251. John Benjamins Publishing. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Right Dislocation in MSA
    • 2.1Binding
    • 2.2Negative polarity licensing
    • 2.3Agreement
    • 2.4Right dislocation and wide focus
    • 2.5Interim conclusion
  • 3.Towards a unified analysis of focus in MSA
    • 3.1Focus-medial in MSA
    • 3.2Focus-initial in MSA
  • 4.Concluding Remarks
  • Notes
  • References
References (143)
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