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Article published In: A micro-perspective on Verb Second in Romance and Germanic
Edited by Christine Meklenborg Salvesen
[Linguistic Variation 19:1] 2019
► pp. 82–117

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On the left periphery of three languages of Northern Italy

New insights into the typology of relaxed V2

 | Sapienza University, Rome
Published online: 24 September 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.16005.cog
Abstract
Through a focus on the properties of subject-finite verb inversion and XP fronting in three relaxed V2 languages, namely Cimbrian, Ladin and Mòcheno, this paper aims to widen and refine our understanding of relaxed V2 languages, i.e. languages in which the V2 property should be understood in a technical sense as obligatory V-to-C movement, not as a simple description referring to linearisation (. 2006. A detailed map of the left periphery of Medieval Romance. In: Zanuttini et al. (eds.), Crosslinguistic research in Syntax and Semantics, 53–86. Washington.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Benincà, Paola. 2013. Caratteristiche del V2 romanzo. Lingue romanze antiche, ladino dolomitico e portoghese. In Ermenegildo Bidese & Federica Cognola (eds.) Introduzione alla linguistica del mòcheno, 65–84. Turin: Rosenberg &Sellier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; . 2016. Late Latin Verb Second: The Sentential Word Order of the Itinerarium Egeriae . To appear in Jaume Mateu Fantanals & Renato Oniga (eds), Generative Approaches to Latin Syntax, special issue of Catalan Journal of Linguistics.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). It will be shown that inversion differs across relaxed V2 languages in two ways. In a first subtype, inversion is not associated with any marked pragmatic interpretation of the lexical subject and the subject appears in an A position in the IP area: this type is instantiated by Old Italian (. 2006. A detailed map of the left periphery of Medieval Romance. In: Zanuttini et al. (eds.), Crosslinguistic research in Syntax and Semantics, 53–86. Washington.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Poletto, Cecilia. 2014. Word Order in Old Italian. Oxford/New York: OUP. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). A second option, instantiated by the languages considered in this paper, is that the lexical subject receives a pragmatically marked interpretation which is encoded in a Functional Projection (FP) in the vP periphery (Belletti, Adriana. 2004. Aspects of the low IP Area. In Luigi Rizzi (ed.), The Structure of CP and IP. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Volume 21, 16–51. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2006. Parallel phases: A study of the high and low left periphery of Old Italian. In Phases of Interpretation [Studies in Generative Grammar 91], Mara Frascarelli (ed.), 261–294. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). This paper confirms that V3/V4 word orders involve the presence of a double articulation for foci and wh-elements, which appear in different positions in the CP layer in relaxed V2 languages (. 2002. The left periphery of a V2-Rhaetoromance dialect: A new perspective on V2 and V3. In Sjef Barbiers, Leonie Cornips & Susanne van der Kleij (eds.), Syntactic Microvariation. Proceedings of the Workshop on Syntactic Microvariation, Amsterdam, August 2000, 214–242. Amsterdam: Meertens Institute.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Wolfe, Sam. 2015a. The nature of Old Spanish Verb Second reconsidered. Lingua 1651. 132–155. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar,. 2015b. Microvariation in Old Italo-Romance Syntax: Evidence from Old Sardinian and Old Sicilian. Archivio glottologico italiano 100 (1), 3–36.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). It also contributes to our understanding of the syntax of topics in relaxed V2 languages by showing that (i) topics can be moved to CP and (ii) the movement option is not restricted to main clauses lacking an XP in the left periphery; it also occurs in interrogative clauses (unlike in the relaxed V2 varieties considered in Walkden, George. 2014. Syntactic Reconstruction and Proto-Germanic. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2015. Verb-third in early West Germanic: A comparative perspective. In Theresa Biberauer & George Walkden (eds.), Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological and Information-structural Interactions, 236–248. Oxford: OUP. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.On the typology of V2 languages
    • 2.1Germanic and Romance V2
    • 2.2On Germanic inversion in Mòcheno, Ladin and Cimbrian
  • 3.Multiple access to the left periphery in Mòcheno, Ladin and Cimbrian
    • 3.1Fronting of verb arguments in main declarative clauses
      • 3.1.1Co-occurrence of given arguments
      • 3.1.2Co-occurrence of given and new/contrasted arguments
    • 3.2Wh- main interrogative clauses
    • 3.3Interim summary
  • 4.Proposed analysis
    • 4.1Tenets of the analysis
    • 4.2Proposed analysis
      • 4.2.1Main declarative clauses with fronted topics
      • 4.2.2Main interrogative clauses
      • 4.2.3Main declarative clauses with a fronted focus
  • 5.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (116)
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Cited by (2)

Cited by two other publications

Cognola, Federica & Jan Casalicchio
2023. Microvariation in the Distribution of Resumptive Pronouns in the Left Dislocation Construction in Two Tyrolean Dialects of Northern Italy. Languages 8:2 ► pp. 91 ff. DOI logo
Cognola, Federica
2022. On the role of information structure in the licensing of null subjects in Old High German. In Language Change at the Interfaces [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 275], ► pp. 123 ff. DOI logo

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