Article published In: A micro-perspective on Verb Second in Romance and Germanic
Edited by Christine Meklenborg Salvesen
[Linguistic Variation 19:1] 2019
► pp. 141–198
What is Germanic and what is not about Old French V2
Published online: 24 September 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.00011.kla
https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.00011.kla
Abstract
Old French is considered by many to have been a verb-second (V2)
language. Furthermore, 13th century Old French featured a V2 system with strong
restrictions on the prefield, meaning only a single constituent was generally
accepted to the left of the finite verb. This bears a strong resemblance to the
pattern found in the Modern Germanic V2 languages and has occasionally given
rise to suggestions that V2 was a Germanic property inherited from the language
of the Franks. In this paper, a concrete hypothesis is developed for the
diachronic evolution of Old French V2 from Late Latin. It is argued that the
hypothesis of Germanic influence is not necessarily incorrect, but too
simplistic, as the two synchronic components of the Old French V2 construction
-namely V-to-C movement and restrictions on the prefield – most likely have
their own and independent diachronies as well. Comparative and historical
evidence is presented to show that V-to-C movement is very unlikely to have been
a product of Germanic influence and should rather be considered an internal
development from Latin. As for the restricted prefield (so-called ‘linear V2’),
the scarcity or even absence of evidence does not allow firm conclusions, but
some general theoretical insights from the literature on language change and
second language acquisition combine to make the idea of Germanic influence quite
plausible.
Keywords: Historical syntax, verb-second, Old French, Late Latin, Langage Contact, Language Change
Article outline
-
1.Introduction
- 1.1Objectives and structure of the paper
- 1.2Background: Old French as a V2 language
- 1.2.1The first component of V2: V-to-C movement
- 1.2.2The second component of V2: The restricted prefield
- 1.3The superstrate theory
- 1.3.1The ‘Pan-Romance V2 hypothesis’ and its implications for the superstrate hypothesis
- 2.Late Latin
- 2.1Introduction
- 2.1.1The Itinerarium Egeriae
- 2.2The syntax of main clauses in Egeria
- 2.2.1Linear order of the verb and the nature of the prefield
- 2.2.2Inversion
- 2.2.3The position of the subject
- 2.2.4Summary
- 2.1Introduction
- 3.From Late Latin to Old Romance… and to Old French
- 3.1From Late Latin to Old Romance: A Pan-Romance point of departure
- 3.2The particular status of Old French
- 3.2.1Germanic spoken in Gaul: The Merovingian period
- 3.3Extension and reanalysis
- 4.An unadressed issue: Early Old French
- 5.Summary and conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
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