Article published In: Language Teaching for Young Learners
Vol. 6:1 (2024) ► pp.32–59
Original Research Article
Engagement in oral production
The impact of a coursebook innovation
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 7 December 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltyl.00042.eng
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltyl.00042.eng
Abstract
Interaction is recognised as an important contributor to language learning but in many classrooms opportunities to interact meaningfully are limited. This situation can be addressed when teachers make decisions about adapting the materials they are working with. The result is likely to be learners who are more engaged in multiple ways and who therefore learn more effectively. This article reports on a two-phase investigation of English language learning in Grade 5 classes in Vietnam. In the first phase, twenty-one classes were observed to form an understanding of standard practices in these classes. In the second phase, a small, replicable adaptation of coursebook material was made and implemented with an intervention class for one semester. Three dimensions of engagement were investigated, and on each learners in the intervention class were considerably more engaged than in the comparison class, or in the first phase classes. This study demonstrates what it is possible to achieve through a small coursebook innovation.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Learner engagement
- 2.1Cognitive engagement
- 2.2Emotional engagement
- 2.3Behavioural engagement
- 2.4Teacher influence on engagement
- 2.5Young learner engagement
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1Context and participants
- 3.2Data generation
- 3.3Data analysis
- 3.4Materials
- 4.Findings and discussion
- 4.1Phase 1: The status quo
- 4.1.1Cognitive engagement
- 4.1.2Emotional engagement
- 4.1.3Behavioural engagement
- 4.1.4Teachers’ opinions about learners’ engagement
- 4.2Phase 2
- 4.2.1Cognitive engagement
- 4.2.1.1Constructing
- 4.2.1.2Comparing
- 4.2.1.3Creating
- 4.2.2Emotional engagement
- 4.2.3Behavioural engagement
- 4.2.1Cognitive engagement
- 4.1Phase 1: The status quo
- 5.Conclusion
- Note
References
References (50)
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M. C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Pearson Education.
Baines, E., Blatchford, P., & Webster, R. (2015). The challenges of implementing group work in primary school classrooms and including pupils with special educational needs. Education 3–13, 43(1), 15–29.
Baralt, M., Gurzynski-Weiss, L., & Kim, Y. (2016). Engagement with the language: How examining learners’ affective and social engagement explains successful learner-generated attention to form. In M. Sato & S. Ballinger (Eds.), Peer interaction and second language learning: Pedagogical potential and research agenda (pp. 209–240). John Benjamins Publishing.
Behr, H. (2005). Comparing rural and urban primary education in the Mekong Delta. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection, 4141. [URL]
Bock, A. K., & Erickson, K. A. (2015). The influence of teacher epistemology and practice on student engagement in literacy learning. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 40(2), 138–153.
Brophy, J. (2008). Developing students’ appreciation for what is taught in school. Educational Psychologist, 43(3), 132–141.
Bundick, M. J., Quaglia, R. J., Corso, M. J., & Haywood, D. E. (2014). Promoting student engagement in the classroom. Teachers College Record, 116(4), 1–34.
Bygate, M., & Samuda, V. (2009). Creating pressure in task pedagogy: The joint roles of field, purpose, and engagement within the interaction approach. In A. Mackey & C. Polio (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on interaction (pp. 96–122). Routledge.
Dornyei, Z., & Kormos, J. (2000). The role of individual and social variables in oral task performance. Language Teaching Research, 4(3), 275–300.
Ellis, G. (1995). Storytelling and storybooks: A broader version of the communicative approach. The Journal of TESOL France- British Council, 2(1), 89–100.
Finn, J. D., Folger, J., & Cox, D. (1991, 1991/06/01). Measuring participation among elementary grade students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(2), 393–402.
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109.
Fredricks, J. A., & McColskey, W. (2012). The measurement of student engagement: A comparative analysis of various methods and student self-report instruments. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 763–782). Springer US.
Frey, N., Fisher, D., & Everlove, S. (2009). Productive group work: How to engage students, build teamwork, and promote understanding. ASCD.
Gibbs, R., & Poskitt, J. (2010). Student engagement in the middle years of schooling (Years 7–10): A literature review report to the Ministry of Education. [URL]
Grassick, L. J. (2016). Complexity, connections and sense-making: Stakeholder experiences of primary English language curriculum change in one province in Vietnam [PhD], University of Leeds.
Guvenc, H. (2015). The relationship between teachers’ motivational support and engagement versus disaffection. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(3), 647–657.
Jang, H., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Engaging students in learning activities: It is not autonomy support or structure but autonomy support and structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 588–600.
Krashen, S. D., & Terrell, T. D. (1995). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Prentice Hall Europe.
Kutnick, P., & Blatchford, P. (2014). Effective group work in primary school classrooms: The SPRinG approach. Springer.
Ladd, G. W. (2013). Peer influences in elementary school. In J. Hattie & E. M. Anderman (Eds.), International guide to student achievement (pp. 205–208). Routledge.
Macalister, J. (2010). Investigating teacher attitudes to extensive reading practices in higher education: Why isn’t everyone doing it? RELC Journal, 41(1), 59–75.
Moran, S., & John-Steiner, V. (2003). Creativity in the making: Vygotsky’s contemporary contribution to the dialectic of development and creativity. In R. K. Sawyer, V. John-Steiner, S. Moran, R. J. Sternberg, D. H. Feldman, J. Nakamura, & M. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Creativity and development (pp. 60–90). Oxford University Press.
Morgan, J., & Rinvolucri, M. (1983). Once upon a time: Using stories in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Newton, J., & Nguyen, B. T. T. (2019). Task repetition and the public performance of speaking tasks in EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school. Language Teaching for Young Learners, 1(1), 34–56.
O’Donnell, A. M. (2006). The role of peers and group learning. In P. A. Alexander & P. H. Winne (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 781–802). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Philp, J., & Duchesne, S. (2016, 03/2016). Exploring engagement in tasks in the language classroom. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 361, 50–72.
Philp, J., & Tognini, R. (2009). Language acquisition in foreign language contexts and the differential benefits of interaction. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 47(3–4), 245–266.
Pintrich, P. R. (2003). Motivation and classroom learning. In W. M. Reynolds & G. E. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of psychology (pp. 103–122). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reyes, M. R., Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., White, M., & Salovey, P. (2012). Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 700–712.
Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., Baroody, A. E., Larsen, R. A., Curby, T. W., & Abry, T. (2015). To what extent do teacher–student interaction quality and student gender contribute to fifth graders’ engagement in mathematics learning? Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(1), 170–185.
Shawer, S. F. (2010, 2/2010). Classroom-level curriculum development: EFL teachers as curriculum-developers, curriculum-makers and curriculum-transmitters. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(2), 173–184.
Shintani, N. (2016). Input-based tasks in foreign language instruction for young learners. John Benjamins.
Skinner, E. A., & Pitzer, J. R. (2012). Developmental dynamics of student engagement, coping, and everyday resilience. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 21–44). Springer.
Smith, K. A., Sheppard, S. D., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). Pedagogies of engagement: Classroom-based practices. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 87–101.
(2007). Investigating the merits of pair work on a text editing task in ESL classes. Language teaching research : LTR, 11(2), 143–159.
Swain, M. (2000). The output hypothesis and beyond: mediating acquisition through collaborative dialogue. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 97–114). Oxford University Press.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1998). Interaction and second language learning: Two adolescent French immersion students working together. The Modern Language Journal, 82(3), 320–337.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Bui, Trang Le Diem, Dao Thi Thuy Nguyen, Truc Thi Thanh Ly & Khoa Dang Nguyen
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
