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Article published In: Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
Vol. 45:2 (2022) ► pp.211–229

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Preinitial denasalisation and palatal fortition in Khroskyabs and the Gyalrongic word for ‘man’

 | Trinity College Dublin
Published online: 4 November 2022
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.22006.lai
Abstract
There are four distinct forms conveying the meaning of ‘human, person, man’ across Gyalrongic languages. The default type (Japhug tɯ-rme), the rounded type (Khroskyabs vɟú), the Stau type (Geshiza vdzi) and the uvular type (Geletuo taˈʁap). Except for the default type, which has cognates in many other Sino-Tibetan languages, the origins of the other types are to date obscure and understudied. This paper first studies the phenomena of preinitial denasalisation and palatal fortition in the history of Khroskyabs, and then puts forward etymological solutions to the rounded and Stau types based on these sound changes. Both types are historical compounds with the first element related to the default type. The second element of the rounded type is cognate with Tangut lụʶ¹ ‘man’, and the second element of the Stau type is cognate with Proto-Loloish *tsaŋ¹ ‘man’ (Bradley, David. 1979. Proto-Loloish. [Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies monograph series no. 39]. London: Curzon Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background
    • 2.1Gyalrongic languages
    • 2.2Gyalrongic historical linguistics
      • Denasalisation of prenasalised stops
      • Neutral vs short presyllables
      • Velarised vowels
  • 3.Labial preinitials in Khroskyabs
  • 4.Palatal fortition from nasals in Khroskyabs
  • 5.Origins of ‘man’ in Gyalrongic
    • 5.1Rounded type of ‘man’
    • 5.2Stau type of ‘man’
  • 6.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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