Article published In: Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
Vol. 46:1 (2023) ► pp.138–163
Suansu language from northeastern India
A field report
Published online: 12 May 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.22005.iva
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.22005.iva
Abstract
This contribution introduces Suansu, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Manipur, northeastern India.
Suansu is virtually undescribed in the linguistic literature, and no previous attestations are known to date. This field report
provides a first sketch of Suansu sociolinguistic profile, phonology and phonotactics, as well as basic information on Suansu
nominal and verbal morphology. A preliminary comparative look at the languages spoken in the area suggests that Suansu does not
align neatly with the set of traits commonly attested in the region, confirming the high linguistic diversity of the area and
setting up the stage for further research.
Keywords: Suansu, Tibeto-Burman, Manipur, language documentation
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Sociolinguistic context
- 2.1Location
- 2.2Number of speakers, language use and level of endangerment
- 3.Previous literature
- 4.Fieldwork, data and limitations of this study
- 5.Linguistic profile
- 5.1Phonology
- 5.2Phonotactics
- 5.2.1Syllable structure
- 5.2.2Rhyme patterns
- 5.2.3Word structure
- 5.2.4Tonemes
- 5.3Pronominal paradigm
- 5.4Nominal morphology
- 5.5Verbal morphology
- 6.Suansu and the languages of the Ukhrul district
- 7.Summary and outlook
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Abbreviations
References
References (39)
Arokianathan, S. 1987. Tangkhul
Naga grammar. Vol. 161 (CIIL Grammar
series). Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Comrie, Bernard., Martin. Haspelmath & Balthasar Bickel. 2008. The
Leipzig glossing rules: conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme
glosses. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Coupe, Alexander R. 2003. A phonetic and phonological description
of Ao: a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland, north-east
India. Vol. 5431. Canberra: Australian National University.
2020. Northern Sangtam phonetics,
phonology and word list. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman
Area 43(1). 147–189.
DeLancey, Scott. 2015. The
origins of postverbal negation in Kuki-Chin. North East Indian
Linguistics 71. 203–212.
Devi, Thokchom Lakhipriya. 2011. The Tangkhul grammar of
Shangshak village. Canchipur: Manipur University PhD dissertation.
Grierson, George A. 2006. Tangkhul. In Languages
of North-Eastern India, 499–507. Gyan Publishing House.
Haokip, Pauthang. 2011. The
languages of Manipur: a case study of the Kuki-Chin languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman
Area 34(1).85–118.
Ivani, Jessica K. 2019a. A first overview on Suansu, a
Tibeto-Burman language from Northeastern India. Paper presented at
the 29th Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (SEALS 29), Tokyo
University of Foreign Studies, Japan, 27–29 May
2019.
2022a. Comparative constructions in
Suansu and the languages of Northeastern India. Linguistic Typology at the
Crossroads 2(1). 65–93.
Ivani, Jessica K. 2022b. Suansu language from northeastern India: a field report. Supplementary materials. Zenodo.
Leisan, Apinao Reisangmi. 2017. Grammar and texts of
Hunphun variety of Tangkhul Naga
language. Pune: University of Pune PhD dissertation.
Marrison, Geoffrey E. 1967. The classification of the Naga
languages of north-east India. London: School of Oriental & African Studies, PhD dissertation.
Matisoff, James A. 1989. The bulging monosyllable, or the
mora the merrier: echo-vowel adverbialization in Lahu. In Jeremy H.C.S. Davidson (eds.), Southeast Asian Linguistics: Essays in
honour of Eugénie J.A. Henderson, 163–197. London: School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London.
2003. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System
and philosophy of Sino-Tibetan
reconstruction. Vol. 1351. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Mortensen, David. 2003. Comparative
Tangkhul. Berkeley: University of California, unpublished manuscript.
Mortensen, David R. 2012. The emergence of obstruents
after high
vowels. Diachronica 29(4). 434–470.
Mortensen, David & Jennifer Keogh. 2011. Sorbung,
an undocumented language of Manipur: Its phonology and place in
Tibeto-Burman. JSEALS 41. 64–114.
Mortensen, David R. & James A. Miller. 2013. A
reconstruction of Proto-Tangkhulic rhymes. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman
Area 36(1). 1–32.
Mortensen, David R., Jordan Picone, Xinjian Li & Kathleen Siminyu. 2021. Tusom2021:
A phonetically transcribed speech dataset from an endangered language for universal phone recognition
experiments. CoRR abs/2104.00824.
Mortensen, David & Jordan Picone. 2021. East
Tusom: A phonetic and phonological sketch of a largely undocumented Tangkhulic
language. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman
Area 44(2). 168–196.
Nikolaev, Dmitry. 2019. Burmese
sound inventory (EA). In Steven Moran & Daniel McCloy (eds.), PHOIBLE
2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Pettigrew, William. 1918. Tangkhul
[Naga] grammar and dictionary. Shillong: Assam Secretariat Printing Office. 490.
Post, Mark W. 2015. Tones in Northeast Indian
languages, with a focus on Tani: A field-worker’s guide. In Mark W. Post, Stephen Morey & Scott Delancey (eds.), Language and culture in Northeast India and beyond: In honour of Robbins
Burling, 182–210. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
Post, Mark W. & Robbins Burling. 2017. The
Tibeto-Burman languages of northeast India. In Graham Thurgood & Randy J. LaPolla (eds.), The
Sino-Tibetan languages, 213–242. London & New York: Routledge.
Ramaswami, N. 2019. East-Central
Tangkhul Naga sound inventory (RA). In Steven Moran & Daniel McCloy (eds.), PHOIBLE
2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Sagart, Laurent, Guillaume Jacques, Yunfan Lai, Robin Ryder, Valentin Thouzeau, Simon J. Greenhill & Johann-Mattis List. 2019. Dated
language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Science of the United States of
America 1161. 10317–10322.
Takhellambam, Bijaya Devi. 2014. Descriptive grammar of
Kabrang Tangkhul. Canchipur: Manipur University PhD dissertation.
Temsunungsang, T. 2009. Aspects
of the prosodic phonology of Ao: an inter-dialectal
study. Hyderabad: The English & Foreign Languages University PhD dissertation.
Teo, Amos Benjamin. 2009. Sumi tone: a phonological
and phonetic description of a Tibeto-Burman language of
Nagaland. Melbourne: University of Melbourne MA thesis.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Ivani, Jessica K. & Taras Zakharko
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
