Article published In: Language Problems and Language Planning
Vol. 41:2 (2017) ► pp.115–135
Compulsory African language learning at a South African university
An exploration of macro- and micro dynamics
Published online: 27 October 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.2.03rud
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.2.03rud
Abstract
While many universities in the world are making provisions to include the English language in their institutional structure, the South African University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) is opposing the hegemony of English in its institution. The University has launched a language policy and planning (LPP) strategy that makes provisions first to incorporate the vernacular language Zulu as language of learning and teaching, and second, to promote it as a subject. In this vein, the institution recently made an unprecedented decision for the South African higher education system. Since the first semester of 2014, a specific Zulu language module is a mandatory subject for undergraduate students who have no proficiency in the language. Although considered a watershed moment among many African language promoters, the mandatory ruling is fiercely discussed and debated in the institution and beyond. Theoretically grounded in Language Management Theory (LMT) and empirically based on semi-ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the interplay between macro and micro language dynamics at UKZN in the context of the mandatory Zulu module. In juxtaposing interview discourses of language policy stakeholders with those of Zulu lecturers, the study reveals a stark discrepancy between macro and micro language management at this university. The article argues that this mismatch between the language policy intents and actual practices on the ground is symptomatic for South Africa’s language policy in education being shaped more by ideological interests than by pedagogical regards.
Isifingqo
Ukufunda ulimi labomdabu okuyisidingo eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika: Ucwaningo oluhlola i-macro ne-macro dynamics
Yize noma amaNyuvesi amaningi emhlabeni enza izinhlelo zokufaka ulimi lwesiNgisi ezinhlakeni zokufunda, iNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika (i-UKZN) yona imelene nokusetshenziswa okwandile kolimi lwesiNgisi esikhungweni sayo. LeNyuvesi isihlahle umhlahlandlela wenqubomgomo yolimi nokuhlela okuhloswe ngawo ukufaka ulimi lwesiZulu, ngendlela olusetshenziswa ngalo abantu, ekufundeni nasekufundiseni; okwesibili okuhloswe yilomhlahlandlela ukwethula ulimi lwesiZulu njengesifundo okumele sifundwe. Kukona konke lokhu, lesisikhungo senze isinqumo esingalindelwe emfundweni ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika. Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wezi-2014, isifundo sesiZulu esikhethekile siphoqelekile ukuba sifundwe yiwo wonke umfundi ongakaze alufunde ulimi lwesiZulu ngaphambilini. Yize noma lokhu kubonakala njengenguquko enkulu netusekayo eningini lalaba abaseka ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi zabomdabu, ukuphoqwa kwabafundi ukuba bafunde ulimi lwesiZulu kuseyinto edingidwa kanzima kulesisikhungo nakwezinye izindawo. Ekugxileni kokuqoshiwe ‘kwezokuphathwa kwezolimi’ [Language Management Theory, LMT] , nasekugxileni ocwaningweni olwenziwe esikhungweni seNyuvesi, leliphepha lihlola ubudlelwano ‘obubonakalayo’ ‘nobungabonakali’ bamandla olimi eUKZN; lokhu kwenzeka phezu kwesimo sokuphoqwa kwabafundi ukuba bafunde isiZulu. Phakathi kwenhlolovo yabaphathi benqubomgomo yolimi, nabafundisi, lolucwaningo luveza ukungavumelani ‘okubonakalayo’ ‘nokungabonakali’ okukhulu okukhona okuphathelene nenqubo yokuphathwa kolimi kuleNyuvesi. Leliphepha liyalandula ukuba ubuhwixihwixi phakathi kokuhloswe inqubomgomo yolimi, nokwenzekayo phansi kubantu, zinkomba zenqubomgomo yolimi emfundweni kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika engalawulwa wukufunda nokufundisa okwenzeka ngempela, kepha elawulwa yizifiso zengqondo.
Resumo
Deviga lernado de afrikaj lingvoj en sud-afrika universitato: Esploro pri makro- kaj mikrodinamiko
Dum multaj universitatoj tra la mondo faciligas inkluzivon de la angla lingvo en siajn instituciajn strukturojn, la sud-afrika universitato de KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) kontestas hegemonion de la angla en sia institucio. La universitato lanĉis strategion de lingvopolitiko kaj lingvoplanado (LPP) kiu unualoke antaŭvidas enkadrigon de la indiĝena Zulua lingvo kiel lingvon de lernado kaj instruado, kaj dualoke ĝian antaŭenigon kiel studtemon. Laŭ tiu spirito, la institucio lastatempe faris decidon senprecedencan en la sudafrika sistemo de supera edukado. Ekde la unua semestro de 2014, specifa zululingva modulo fariĝis deviga temo por bakalaŭraj studentoj kiuj ne posedas kapablon en la lingvo. Kvankam inter multaj apogantoj de afrikaj lingvoj oni rigardas la preskribon decida momento, la deviga regulo estas feroce diskutata kaj debatata en kaj ekster la universitato. La nuna artikolo, teorie lokita en Lingvo-Mastruma Teorio (LMT) kaj empirie bazita en duonetnografia kampolaboro, ekzamenas la interrilaton inter lingvaj makro- kaj mikro-dinamikoj ĉe UKZN en la kunteksto de la deviga zululingva modulo. Apudmetante la intervjuajn diskursojn de lingvopolitikaj engaĝitoj unuflanke kaj zululingvaj lekciistoj aliflanke, la studo malkaŝas frapan diferencon inter la makro- kaj mikro-lingvomastrumado en tiu ĉi universitato. La artikolo argumentas, ke tiu nekongruo inter la lingvopolitikaj intencoj kaj la efektivaj surlokaj praktikoj estas simptomo de la fakto, ke la lingvopolitiko de Sud-Afriko estas tajlata pli multe de ideologiaj interesoj ol de pedagogiaj konsideroj.
Article outline
- Background
- Conceptual and theoretical framework
- Empirical exploration of macro and micro level discourses at UKZN
- The process of language planning
- Policy aim versus course content: The mandatory Zulu module
- The ambiguity of the status of Zulu
- Paradoxes in the micro and the macro level discourses
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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