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Article published In: Language Problems and Language Planning
Vol. 49:2 (2025) ► pp.153–177

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Talking over the catastrophe

Linguistic justice in disaster risk reduction

ORCiD logo with link | Trinity College Dublin
Published online: 4 July 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.24007.gia
Abstract
This paper explores the critical need to integrate linguistic justice into disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience planning. Linguistic injustice can cause enduring harm even in ordinary times, limiting access to essential services, marginalising minority groups, and deepening social inequalities. Yet during disasters, the consequences of linguistic exclusion can be even more devastating — becoming, quite literally, a matter of life and death. Although navigating language policy is already fraught with challenges in peaceful settings, it becomes even more complex under the pressures of crisis. This article positions linguistic justice within the broader literature on disaster management, focusing particularly on DRR frameworks. It examines the management of linguistic diversity and the state’s responsibilities in mitigating language-based disadvantages within both natural and man-made disasters. Two research questions guide the discussion: (1) How is language represented in DRR literature across the three phases of disasters — before, during, and after — considering both its practical and symbolic dimensions? and (2) What ethical principles should underpin linguistic justice within DRR efforts? Finally, drawing on Etkin, D., & Timmerman, P. (2013). Emergency management and ethics. Article in International Journal of Emergency Management, 9(4), 277–297. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar I-Thou model and Peled’s (2024) solidarity-based approach to language, the paper proposes an alternative ethics of disaster management that centres linguistic justice.
Resumen
Este artículo explora la necesidad crítica de integrar la justicia lingüística en la reducción del riesgo de desastres (RRD) y en la planificación de la resiliencia. La injusticia lingüística puede causar daños duraderos incluso en tiempos de normalidad, limitando el acceso a servicios esenciales, marginando a los grupos minoritarios y profundizando las desigualdades sociales. Sin embargo, durante los desastres, las consecuencias de la exclusión lingüística pueden ser aún más devastadoras, convirtiéndose, literalmente, en una cuestión de vida o muerte. Aunque gestionar las políticas lingüísticas ya supone numerosos desafíos en contextos de paz, su complejidad se intensifica bajo la presión de las crisis. Este artículo sitúa la justicia lingüística dentro de la literatura más amplia sobre gestión de desastres, centrándose en particular en los marcos de RRD. Se examina la gestión de la diversidad lingüística y las responsabilidades del Estado para mitigar las desventajas basadas en el idioma tanto en desastres naturales como provocados por el ser humano. Al final, basándose en el modelo Yo-Tú de Etkin y Timmerman (2013) y en el enfoque de solidaridad lingüística propuesto por Peled (2024), el artículo propone una ética alternativa de gestión de desastres centrada en la justicia lingüística.
Resumo
La nuna referaĵo esploras la urĝan bezonon integrigi lingvan justecon en riskoreduktado post katastrofoj (angle: DRR) kaj resaltoplanado. Lingva maljusteco povas kaŭzi longdaŭran vundiĝon eĉ en normalaj tempoj, limigante aliron al esencaj servoj, marĝenigante minoritatajn grupojn, kaj profundignte sociajn neegalecojn. Tamen, dum katastrofoj la konsekvencoj de lingva ekskludo povas esti eĉ pli ruinigaj — fariĝante, tute simple, aferoj de vivo aŭ morto. Kvankam navigo de lingvopolitiko estas jam ŝarĝita de defioj eĉ en pacaj kuntekstoj, ĝi eĉ plikomplikiĝas sub la premo de krizoj. La nuna artikolo lokas lingvan justecon ene de la pli vasta literaturo pri mastrumado de katastrofoj, kun aparta fokuso kadre de DRR. Ĝi ekzamenas la mastrumadon de lingva diverseco kaj la respondecojn de la ŝtato pri mildigo de lingve bazitaj malavantaĝoj en kaj naturaj kaj home faritaj katastrofoj. Fine, la artikolo utiligas la modelon Mi/Ci (de Etkin, D., & Timmerman, P. (2013). Emergency management and ethics. Article in International Journal of Emergency Management, 9(4), 277–297. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) kaj la solidarece-bazitan aliron al lingvoj (de (2024). Solidarity and/in Language. Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric, 14(1). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) por proponi alternativan etikon de katastrofo-mastrumado kiu centrigas lingvan justecon.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Linguistic justice as a parameter in disaster risk reduction: Key concepts
    • 2.1A brief overview of linguistic justice
    • 2.2Disaster Risk Reduction or DRR
    • 2.3DRR and linguistic diversity
  • 3.Language in the disasters and conflict literature
    • 3.1Language in natural disasters
      • Before: Language as an exclusory factor from preparedness
      • During: Language as a vulnerability
      • After: Linguicism hindering resilience
    • 3.2Language and conflict: Prevention, containment and transformation
      • Before: Language as a Trigger of Unrest
      • During: Language as an exacerbating factor of social disadvantages
      • After: Language In negotiations and transformation
  • 4.Linguistic justice in DRR: Ethics and practices
    • 4.1The need to rethink current models
    • 4.2I-Thou DRR and solidarity in emergency
    • 4.3Inclusive Practices for Language in DRR
  • 5.Conclusions
  • References
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