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Article published In: Language Problems and Language Planning
Vol. 44:2 (2020) ► pp.200–241

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Language skills and labour market returns

A meta-regression analysis

 | Tallinn University of Technology
Published online: 3 December 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20012.rid
Abstract
Increased migration, global trade and the introduction of digital labour platforms call for a better understanding of the mechanisms that can enhance economic and labour market outcomes in the face of increasing disparities in culture, language and identity. The article contributes to the literature on labour market returns on language skills, which is very heterogeneous and context-specific, by carrying out a systematic review of that literature. The meta-regression analysis estimates the returns on language skills that come from socio-economic, institutional and ethnolinguistic factors along with controls for the study design. The meta-regression results for the labour market returns that stem from knowledge of the local state language, a significant local minority language or the business language provide evidence that knowing the more influential language is associated with higher labour market rewards. Linguistic diversity has a negative effect on the returns to skills in the business language but increases the returns to the local state language. Urbanisation has a negative, though quantitatively modest, effect on returns to language skills in the business language, whilst the GDP level increases the returns to minority language skills and unemployment increases returns to skills in the business language and the local state language.
Резюме
Увеличение миграционных трендов, глобализация и внедрение цифровых платформ для рынков труда, требуют более глубокого понимания механизмов, улучшающих экономические результаты и результаты рынка труда в условиях растущего культурного, языкового и индивидуального неравенства. Статья вносит вклад в литературу об экономической отдаче от владения языком, которая является очень разнородной и контекстно-ориентированной, проводя систематический обзор этой литературы. Мета-регрессионный анализ оценивает отдачу от языковых навыков, обусловленную социально-экономическими, институциональными и этнолингвистическими факторами, включая проверку на дизайн исследований. Результаты мета-регрессии, о влиянии знания государственного языка, языка Значительного меньшинства и делового языка на доходы на рынке труда, свидетельствуют о том, что знание более влиятельных языков ассоциируется с более высоким вознаграждением на рынке труда. Языковое разнообразие оказывает негативное влияние на доход от знания делового языка, но в то же время увеличивает отдачу на знание местного государственного языка. Урбанизация оказывает отрицательное, хотя и скромное по размеру влияние на вознаграждение к деловому языку, в то время как уровень ВВП увеличивает отдачу на языки меньшинств, а безработица увеличивает отдачу на знание делового и государственного языков.
Resumo
Kreskinta migrado, tergloba komerco kaj la enkonduko de ciferecaj laboraj platformoj postulas pli bonan komprenon de la mekanismoj kiuj povas plifortigi ekonomiajn kaj labormerkatajn rezultojn fronte al kreskantaj malsamecoj de kulturo, lingvo kaj identeco. Per sistema trarigardo de la koncerna literaturo, la nuna artikolo kontribuas al la literaturo pri labormerkataj redonoj pro lingvaj kapabloj – temo tre heterogena kaj kuntekstospecifa. La metaregresa analizo taksas la redonojn pro lingvaj kapabloj fontantajn el sociekonomiaj, instituciaj kaj etnolingvistikaj faktoroj, kune kun kontroloj pro la studodezajno. La metaregresaj rezultoj pri labormerkataj redonoj rezultantaj el scipovo de la loka ŝtata lingvo, signifa loka minoritata lingvo aŭ la lingvo de komerco liveras atestaĵojn, ke scio de la pli influa lingvo asociiĝas kun pli altaj labormerkataj rekompencoj. Lingva diverseco negative efikas ĉe redonoj pro kapabloj en la komerca lingvo sed pligrandigas la redonojn pro kapabloj en la loka ŝtata lingvo. Urbiĝo havas negativan, kvankam kvante modestan, efikon je redonoj pri lingvaj kapabloj en la komerca lingvo, dum la nivelo de Malneta Enlanda Produkto (GDP) kreskigas la redonojn pro kapabloj en minoritata lingvo, kaj senlaboreco kreskigas la redonojn pro kapabloj en la komerca lingvo kaj la loka ŝtata lingvo.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Literature on language skills and related earnings
  • 3.Method
    • 3.1Study design
    • 3.2The meta-regression model
  • 4.Results of the meta-regression analysis on returns to language skills
  • 5.Discussion and concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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