Article published In: Language, conflict and security
Edited by Roberta Medda-Windischer and Andrea Carlà
[Language Problems and Language Planning 46:2] 2022
► pp. 171–191
When language rights are not enough
Dialogue for reconciliation in post-conflict settings
Published online: 17 November 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00091.mcd
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00091.mcd
Abstract
This article posits a new framework in relation to language rights in post-conflict settings, giving a key
position to dialogue, which we see as a multidimensional process central in most reconciliation processes. Yet this notion is
seldom utilised with regard to language rights, and subsequently in language policies. Instead, powerful stakeholders such as
governments or transnational organisations often consider the introduction of language rights as ‘enough’ to resolve language
disputes. We discuss the impact of this in a variety of settings, arguing that a static interpretation of language rights, such as
in the text of a peace agreement or a constitution, is not sufficient. The application of language rights without follow-on
dialogue can antagonise rather than reconcile the very disputes they claim to settle. We argue that a more fluid consideration is
required that captures the complex and changing dynamics of linguistic identities in the volatile context of a peace process. A
neglected aspect in the debate on language rights in post-conflict settings is the way dialogue can, over time, alter the
relationship language communities have with their own language and potentially with the language of their ‘other’. We draw on
international examples that indicate dialogue should be a central consideration in post-conflict settings at all levels, from
transnational organisations to governments’ national policies, and finally to grassroots initiatives within and across
communities.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz postuliert einen neuen Bezugsrahmen für den Umgang mit Sprachrechten in
Postkonfliktsituationen, der dem Dialog, den wir als einen multidimensionalen Prozess betrachten, der in den meisten
Versöhnungsprozessen von zentraler Bedeutung ist, eine Schlüsselposition einräumt. Dieser Begriff wird jedoch selten im Hinblick
auf Sprachrechte und später in der Sprachenpolitik verwendet. Stattdessen betrachten mächtige Interessengruppen wie Regierungen
oder transnationale Organisationen die Einführung von Sprachrechten oft als “hinreichend”, um Sprachstreitigkeiten beizulegen. Wir
diskutieren die Auswirkungen dieser Sichtweise in diversen Umständen und argumentieren, dass eine statische Interpretation von
Sprachrechten, wie z.B. im Text eines Friedensabkommens oder einer Verfassung, nicht ausreicht. Solcherlei Einführung von
Sprachrechten ohne anschließenden Dialog kann genau die Dispute, die sie zu schlichten vorgibt, eher verschärfen als beilegen. Wir
argumentieren, dass eine flexiblere Sichtweise erforderlich ist, die die komplexe und wechselhafte Dynamik sprachlicher
Identitäten im volatilen Kontext eines Friedensprozesses erfasst. Ein vernachlässigter Aspekt in der Debatte über Sprachrechte in
Postkonfliktsituationen ist die Art und Weise, in der Dialog im Laufe der Zeit die Beziehung verändern kann, welche
Sprachgemeinschaften zu ihrer eigenen Sprache und möglicherweise zu jener der “anderen” haben. Wir stützen uns auf internationale
Beispiele, die darauf hindeuten, dass der Dialog eine zentrale Überlegung in Postkonfliktsituationen auf allen Ebenen sein sollte,
von transnationalen Organisationen über die nationale Politik der Regierungen bis hin zu Basisinitiativen innerhalb und zwischen
Gemeinschaften.
Resumo
Tiu ĉi artikolo starigas novan kadron rilate lingvajn rajtojn en postkonfliktaj kuntekstoj, atribuante
ŝlosilan pozicion al dialogado, kiun ni konsideras multdimensia procezo centre lokita en plej multaj repacigaj procezoj. Tamen tiu
nocio estas malofte utiligata rilate al lingvaj rajtoj, kaj sekve lingvaj politikoj. Male: potencaj interesohavantoj kiel ekzemple
registaroj kaj transnaciaj organizoj ofte konsideras la enkondukon de lingvaj rajtoj kiel “sufiĉan” por solvi lingvajn disputojn.
Ni pridiskutas la efikon de tiu praktiko en diversaj kuntekstoj, asertante, ke la simpla interpreto de lingvaj rajtoj, kiel
ekzemple en la teksto de paca interkonsento aŭ konstitucio, ne sufiĉas. Apliko de lingvaj rajtoj sen plusekva dialogado povas
pliakrigi, anstataŭ repacigi, precize tiujn disputojn kiujn la lingvaj rajtoj pretendas fini. Ni rezonas, ke pli flueca
konsiderado estas bezonata – konsiderado kiu kaptas la komplikan kaj ŝanĝiĝantan dinamikon de lingvaj identecoj en la malstabila
kunteksto de pacofara procezo. Neglektata aspekto en la debato pri lingvaj rajtoj en postkonfliktaj situacioj estas la maniero laŭ
kiu dialogado povas, tra la tempo, ŝanĝi la rilaton de lingvaj komunumoj kun la propra lingvo kaj potenciale kun la lingvo de la
‘aliulo’. Ni ĉerpas el internaciaj ekzemploj por indiki, ke dialogado estu kerna konsidero en postkonfliktaj situacioj je ĉiuj
niveloj, ekde transnaciaj organizoj ĝis la naciaj politikoj de registaroj, kaj fine ĝis desubaj iniciatoj ene de kaj trans
komunumoj.
Article outline
- Theories of recognition and dialogic processes
- Inward-facing dialogue, counter-publics and recognition
- National and transnational dialogues: The absence of grassroots perspectives
- Facilitating new dialogues at grassroots level
- Intra-community dialogues as the internal “missing link”
- Conclusion: Dialogue and the implications for language policy
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Gialdini, Cecilia
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