Article published In: Language Problems and Language Planning
Vol. 44:1 (2020) ► pp.45–65
Language competition modeling and language policy evaluation
Published online: 1 July 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00055.tem
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00055.tem
Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework for the analysis of effects of language policies on the competition between
languages. At the core of this framework is a language competition model that takes into account four pivotal factors for the
evolution of the linguistic composition of a society: intergenerational language transmission, formal language education, adult
language learning and migration. In contrast to the majority of models available in the literature, our model operates with
parameters that can be estimated from empirical socio-linguistic data. It allows the reconstruction of past and simulate future
dynamics. Language policies can be modeled as changes in model parameters. Therefore, projections derived from the model can be
utilized to compare the effects of different policy options. We use Basque and Spanish within the Basque Autonomous Community in
Spain to illustrate the application of the model.
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir einen Ansatz für die Analyse von Sprachpolitiken. Zentraler Bestandteil
dieses Ansatzes ist ein Sprachdynamik-Modell, das vier zentrale Faktoren berücksichtigt, welche die Entwicklung der sprachlichen
Zusammensetzung einer Gesellschaft beeinflussen. Diese vier Faktoren sind: Weitergabe von Sprachen von einer Generation zur
nächsten, sprachliche Bildung in der Schule, Sprachenlernen von Erwachsenen und Migration. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten Modellen in
der Literatur arbeitet unser Modell mit Parametern, die aus empirischen soziolinguistischen Daten geschätzt werden können. Dies
ermöglicht die Rekonstruktion der Vergangenheit und die Simulation zukünftiger Dynamiken. Sprachpolitiken können als Änderungen in
den Parametern modelliert werden. Somit können die durch das Modell produzierten Projektionen genutzt werden, um die Effekte
verschiedener Sprachpolitiken zu vergleichen. Wir illustrieren den Ansatz am Beispiel von Baskisch und Spanisch in der Autonomen
Gemeinschaft Baskenland im Norden Spaniens.
Resumo
En ĉi tiu artikolo, ni prezentas kadron por la analizo de efikoj de lingvopolitikoj sur la konkurenco inter
lingvoj. La kerno de ĉi tiu kadro estas modelo de lingva konkurado, kiu konsideras kvar kernajn faktorojn de la evoluo de la
lingva komponado de socio: intergeneracia lingva transdono, formala lingva edukado, lingva lernado fare de la plenkreskuloj kaj
migrado. Kontraste al la plej multaj modeloj haveblaj en la literaturo, nia modelo funkcias kun parametroj kiujn oni povas taksi
per empiriaj socilingvaj datumoj. Ĝi permesas rekonstruadi de pasintecon kaj simuli estontajn dinamikojn. Lingvaj politikoj povas
esti modeligitaj kiel ŝanĝoj de la parametroj en la modelo. Tial projekcioj derivitaj de la modelo povas esti utiligitaj por
kompari la efikojn de malsamaj politikaj elektoj. Ni uzas la eŭskan kaj la hispanan ene de la Eŭska Aŭtonoma Komunumo en Hispanio
por ilustri la aplikon de la modelo.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Language policy evaluation
- 1.2Language competition models
- 1.3Combining language competition models and policy evaluation
- 2.The language competition model
- 2.1Setting and Notation
- 2.2Building the model
- Family formation
- Language transmission
- Language learning in schools and by adults
- Migration
- 3.Illustration of the model: The Basque Autonomous Communities
- 3.1Data and model parameters
- Linguistic composition
- Population dynamics and migration
- Linguistic concentration
- Language transmission
- Schooling
- Adult language learning
- 3.2Analysis and projections
- 3.3Dynamic language policy analysis
- 3.1Data and model parameters
- 4.Conclusions and outlook
- Notes
References
References (24)
Abrams, D. M., & Strogatz, S. H. (2003). Linguistics: Modelling the dynamics of language death. Nature, 424(6951), 900–900.
Castellano, C., Fortunato, S., & Loreto, V. (2009). Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of modern physics, 81(2), 591.
Eustat. (2014). Panorámica Demográfica 2014 (Tech. Rep.). Donostia-San Sebastian: Instituto Vasco de Estadística.
Fernando, C., Valijärvi, R.-L., & Goldstein, R. A. (2010). A model of the mechanisms of language extinction and revitalization strategies to save endangered languages. Human biology, 82(1), 47–75.
Gardner, N. (2002). Language policy for Basque in education. Submission to the Education and Lifelong Learning Committee of the National Assembly of Wales.
Gazzola, M. (2014). The Evaluation of Language Regimes: Theory and application to multilingual patent organisations (Vol. 31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Gobierno Vasco. (2003). Bases para una mayor eficacia y mejora de la calidad de la euskaldunización y alfabetización de adultos (Tech. Rep.). Vitoria-Gasteiz.
. (2008). Transmisión intergeneracional del euskera en la CAV. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
Gobierno Vasco, Gobierno de Navarra, & Euskararen erakunde publikoa-Office public de la langue basque. (2016). Vi encuesta sociolingüística: Comunidad autónoma de euskadi (Tech. Rep.). Donostia-San Sebastián.
Gong, T., Shuai, L., & Zhang, M. (2014). Modelling language evolution: Examples and predictions. Physics of Life Reviews, 11(2), 280–302.
Grin, F. (1999). Economics. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 9–24). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Houle, R., & Corbeil, J.-P. (2017). Language Projections for Canada, 2011 to 2036 (Tech. Rep.). Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
John, A. (2016). Dynamic Models of Language Evolution: The Economic Perspective. In V. Ginsburgh & S. Weber (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook Economics and Language (pp. 61–100). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Minett, J. W., & Wang, W. S. (2008). Modelling endangered languages: The effects of bilingualism and social structure. Lingua, 118(1), 19–45.
Morrill, R. L. (2016). On the measure of geographic segregation. Geography research forum, 111, 25–36. Retrieved 2016-02-22, from [URL]
Sabourin, P., & Bélanger, A. (2015). Microsimulation of Language Dynamics in a Multilingual Region with High Immigration. International Journal of Microsimulation, 8(1), 67–96.
Templin, T., Seidel, A., Wickström, B.-A., & Feichtinger, G. (2016). Optimal language policy for the preservation of a minority language. Mathematical Social Sciences (81), 8–21.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Wu, Hongrun, Qiurong Wu, Zhenglong Xiang, Xiang Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yingpin Chen, Hui Wang & Jianhua Song
Grin, François
Gazzola, Michele & Torsten Templin
Templin, Torsten, Bengt-Arne Wickström & Michele Gazzola
2022. Effectiveness of policy measures and language dynamics. In Advances in Interdisciplinary Language Policy [Studies in World Language Problems, 9], ► pp. 319 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 26 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
