Article published In: Language Problems and Language Planning
Vol. 41:3 (2017) ► pp.265–286
From planned language to language planning
Esperantists’ activities in China in 1911–1958
Published online: 19 February 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00006.wan
https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00006.wan
Abstract
This paper explores how Esperanto (Esperantists) plays an important role in
Chinese language reform during 1911–1958. It divides the period into three
stages and describes Esperantists’ activities from three perspectives
accordingly: roles, goals/results and motives. The paper reveals Esperantists’
roles have transformed from “people with influence” to “people with expertise”
and then “people with power.” From the perspective of goals/results, the first
stage failed because it didn’t achieve the goals as expected while the second
and third stages were successful. In order to further explain reasons for the
failure or success, this article goes on to analyze the three stages from Ager’s
7i Model (motives). It shows that these motives as social
factors largely affecting language planning are not of paramount importance in
accounting for the different results. The paper concludes that the study of
planned language will be valuable for language planning through the case of
Esperantists’ activities in Chinese language reform and suggests further
investigations on different language schemes associated with Esperantists in
China.
摘要
从计划语言到语言规划
世界语(世界语者)在1911年至1958年间中国文字改革的进程中起到了重要的作用。文章将这一时期划分为三个阶段,从角色、目标/结果和动机三个维度出发,对世界语者的活动进行了描述。研究发现,世界语者的角色发生了转变,从最开始的“有影响力之人”到“有专业能力之人”再到“有权力之人”。从目标/结果的角度看,第一阶段以失败告终,第二、三阶段则取得了成功。Ager的“7i”模型(动因),则有助于进一步解释三个阶段成败的原因。同时,作为社会因素的动因,虽然对语言规划影响很大,但每个动因的影响程度并不相同。本文认为,通过世界语者参与中国文字改革的案例,可以看出计划语言对语言规划研究的重要价值。最后,文章建议后续可以关注与中国世界语者有关的各种语言/文字方案。
Resumo
De planlingvo al lingvoplanado: La agado de esperantistoj en Ĉinio 1911-1958
La artikolo esploras kiel Esperanto (kaj esperantistoj) ludis gravan rolon en
reformo de la ĉina lingvo inter la jaroj 1911 kaj 1958. Ĝi dividas la periodon
en tri stadiojn kaj priskribas la rolojn de esperantistoj laŭ tri dimensioj:
roloj, celoj/rezultoj, kaj motivoj. La referaĵo ekzamenas kiel la influo de
esperantistoj transformiĝis el tiu de “homoj kun influo” al “homoj kun
ekspertizo” kaj poste “homoj kun potenco”. Se temas pri celoj/rezultoj, la unua
stadio malsukcesis ĉar ĝi ne atingis la celojn antaŭviditajn, dum la dua kaj
tria stadioj sukcesis. Por plue klarigi la kialojn de malsukceso aŭ sukceso, la
artikolo analizas la tri stadiojn de la 7i Model de Ager
(motivoj). Ĝi montras, ke tiuj motivoj kiel sociaj faktoroj larĝe influantaj
lingvoplanadon ne estas unuavice gravaj kiel klarigoj de la malsamaj rezultoj.
La artikolo konkludas,ke la studo de planlingva materialo estos valora al
lingvoplanado en la kazo de la agado de esperantistoj en ĉinlingva reformo kaj
sugestas pliajn esplorojn pri diversaj lingvoskemoj ligitaj al esperantistoj en
Ĉinio.
Article outline
- Roles of Esperantists
- Ends and effects of Esperantists’ activities
- A.The revolutionary period
- B.The invention period
- C.The reform period
- Motives of Esperantists’ activities
- Identity, ideology and image
- Insecurity and inequality
- Integration and instrumentality
- Summary of Esperantists’ motives in Chinese language reform
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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