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In:Technology and Instructed Second Language Acquisition: Connecting research and pedagogy
Edited by Shawn Loewen, Frederick J. Poole, Hyun-Bin Hwang and Matthew D. Coss
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 63] 2025
► pp. 92–114

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Chapter 4
Connecting instructed second language learning with informal language learning using technology

 | The University of Hong Kong
Published online: 27 October 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.63.04lai
Abstract
Instructed second language learning and informal language learning play distinct and complementary roles in language development. Language learners have long been traversing language classrooms and informal learning spaces to construct their personalized learning experiences. The normalization of technology in daily life has further accelerated this process, augmenting the nexus of instructed and informal language learning. This chapter provides an overview of the theorization and research on pedagogical initiatives that connect instructed and formal language learning. It also discusses critical factors to consider when designing and implementing such pedagogical initiatives.
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Theories and research
    • Theoretical arguments
    • Research evidence
    • Research on using technology to connect formal and informal learning contexts
    • Research on using technology to integrate informal learning attributes into in-class instruction
    • Research on students’ perceptions and practices
    • Research on teachers’ perceptions and practices
    • Exemplary study connecting formal and informal learning in instructed SLA
    • Generalizability and representativeness
  • Pedagogical applications and considerations
    • Pedagogical applications
    • Pedagogical considerations
  • Extension resources
    • Reflection and discussion questions
    • Topics for research projects
  • Generative AI use acknowledgement
  • References
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Cited by (3)

Cited by three other publications

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Montero-Pérez, Maribel
2025. The impact of multimodal input tools in instructed second language acquisition (and beyond). In Technology and Instructed Second Language Acquisition [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 63], ► pp. 139 ff. DOI logo
Ziegler, Nicole
2025. Text/video chat and other online collaboration tools. In Technology and Instructed Second Language Acquisition [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 63], ► pp. 271 ff. DOI logo

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