In:Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences
Edited by Laura Gurzynski-Weiss
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 53] 2020
► pp. 267–270
Index
Published online: 21 January 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.53.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.53.index
A
- accommodation 7, 142, 193 ; see also convergence, divergence
- accuracy 22, 37, 40, 56, 65–66, 128, 133, 137–138, 166, 255
- age
9, 11, 20, 23, 24, 30, 38–39, 55, 57, 127, 132,
135, 136, 143, 144, 145, 160, 189,
195–196, 197,
199, 212, 214, 221, 232, 235, 237,
249, 252–254, 259
- of onset167
- anxiety 11, 20, 32, 33–34, 35, 36, 41, 55, 70, 139, 197, 235, 252, 257, 259
- aptitude 39, 55
- attitude
37, 55, 141–142, 160,
210, 212, 213–214, 238,
253, 258, 259
- toward American culture138
- toward course 35–36, 199
- toward L2213
- toward L2/heritage learners 9, 11, 221, 232–235, 236–237, 252
- toward task 35–36
B
- beliefs 11, 33, 100, 105, 106, 113, 212, 213, 230, 252, 253
- Broca’s Area90see also Mead’s Loop, mirror neurons
C
- caretaker
233, 237
- talk (child-directed speech) 20, 191
- close discourse analysis 100, 103–105, 121
- co-adaptation 8–9, 12, 189, 191–195, 198, 200–202, 211–212, 236–238, 260
- cognitive styles57see also learning style
- cognitive-interactionist approach 3, 6, 19–24, 26, 31–32, 29, 40–42, 51–54, 210, 247–249, 251–253, 255, 258
- communicative development 12, 87
- communicative competence 21, 252
- Complex Dynamic Systems 4, 8, 41, 190, 193, 194–195, 197, 198–203, 209, 210, 211–212, 214–216, 247–250, 252–253, 255–258, 260–262
- comprehensible inputsee input
- comprehensible output hypothesissee output
- computer-mediated communication 6, 33–35, 40 53, 55, 249
- Connectionism132see also Connectionist approach
- Connectionist approach130see also Connectionism
- context
7–8, 12, 22–23,
25–26, 28, 37, 42,
52–54, 61, 66, 83,
127–128, 131–133, 138–139,
141–143, 145–146, 181, 190, 192–194, 199, 201, 203, 211–212, 214–215, 218,
237–239, 250–255, 258–261
- communicative52
- classroom 53, 179, 180
- cultural 36, 101
- discourse180
- ecological 202, 220
- formality of164
- instructed 9, 213
- interactional 7, 128, 130, 136, 138–140, 143, 145, 213
- learning 41, 141, 160, 211
- linguistic 129, 131–133, 139, 141–142, 161, 163, 172–173
- naturalistic 210, 213
- of instruction 38–39
- participatory35
- social 7–8, 132–133, 161, 193
- spatial 190, 199
- temporal 133, 190, 199
- convergence (alignment) 12, 142, 191, 193, 196–198, 200, 212, 236
- coupled system 191, 193–195, 215, 236 ; see also co-adaptation, relational system
D
- divergence 142, 145, 193, 212
E
- empathy106
- cultural 12, 137–138
- engagement 12, 25–26, 29, 32, 34–35, 39, 52, 66, 70, 251–252
- epistemic100
- (in)congruence 104, 112, 116, 118
- search sequences 12, 104, 108–114, 118
- stance 12, 99, 101, 103–105, 108–114, 118, 121
- status 103–104, 113, 117
- ethnicitysee race
- experience
4, 12, 23, 101, 160, 164, 189,
195–196, 228–229, 235, 252–253
- teaching 168, 181, 233, 259
- working with learners 9, 12, 221, 232–234, 252, 255 ; see also study abroad experience
- exposure 22, 51–52, 59, 92, 107, 178, 210, 217, 229, 235, 249
- extroversion/extraversion 36–37, 57, 68 ; see also personality
F
- face-to-face interaction (communication) 6, 19, 33–35, 40, 55, 59, 70, 221, 248
- feedback
12, 21–24, 31–33,
36–37, 39–41, 51–58,
68, 70, 134, 159, 195, 201–202, 210, 233, 236–237, 251, 255
- explicit 36, 40, 55
- implicit 36, 40
- metalinguistic 33, 56
- negative6
- noticing of 39–40
- quantity of 39–40 ; see also recasts
- fetishized (fetishization)
83, 101, 118
- language
- materials 114, 116, 118
- others 7, 79, 101–102, 109–110, 113, 118, 120
- first language (L1)
8, 12, 91, 159–160,
165, 167–168, 171–181,
189, 198–199, 217, 232, 252, 254–255, 259
- familiarity with learners’ 9, 221, 232, 237
- focus on form
31, 52–54, 57–58,
68
- peer31
- foreigner talk20
G
- gender (sex) 6, 9, 11, 20, 23–24, 31–32, 41, 51, 56–58, 60–65, 67–70, 131–132, 135–136, 160, 189, 195–196, 199, 212, 214, 221, 232, 237, 253–255
- gesture
22, 80, 91–93, 102, 105, 117–118, 254, 257
- co-speech 90–92 ; see also gesture-enhanced recasts
I
- identity 11, 85, 101, 131, 136, 140, 189, 194, 197, 210, 212, 213, 238, 253–258
- immersion 22, 93, 140, 197, 209–210, 212, 214, 235, 237–238, 257
- imperfect command of language84
- input
4–6, 8, 21–22,
26–28, 32–33, 39–40,
52, 55, 60, 134–135,
137, 139–141, 143, 145–146, 159–160,
165–168, 170,
172, 180–181, 190, 192, 210–211, 220, 236, 250–251, 255–256,
258–260, 262
- comprehensible 21–22, 166
- hypothesis21
- modified 20, 53 (see also teacher talk)
- pushed26
- interaction
4–8, 12, 19–42,
51–57, 59–70, 79–82,
84–86, 88, 92–94, 99–105, 113,
116–121, 127,
131, 134–146, 159, 189–202, 209–215,
219–221, 228–239, 247–249,
251–263
see also cognitive-interactionist approach
- hypothesis (interactionist hypothesis) 6, 21, 23, 52
- negotiated 12, 51–54, 56–58, 60–70, 255
- interactive work52
- interlocutors
- definition of 3–5, 19, 134
- future 250, 254–255
- host mothers/parents 11, 23, 209–210, 214, 221, 229–230, 237–238, 248
- instructional materials 11, 93–94
- instructors (teachers, professors) 11, 20–21, 23–24, 26–28, 40, 93, 165, 209, 214, 221, 229, 237, 247–248, 255–256, 259, 262
- learners 11, 24, 33, 56, 93, 138, 247–248, 250, 255–256, 262
- native and non-native speakers 6, 11, 23, 144, 195–196, 230, 248
- non-learner peers 11, 24, 33, 209, 214, 221
- non-teacher/non-peer 11, 214, 221, 228–229, 231, 238, 247–248, 257, 261–262
- other tutors11
- past 249, 254–255
- peers 7, 11, 21, 23–28, 58, 214
- peer tutors 11, 99–101, 248, 253
- program coordinators 11, 221
- researchers 23, 221
- role of 12, 20, 23, 32, 94, 100, 135, 137, 146, 159, 211, 213, 250
- similarity of 20, 24, 197, 212, 251
- social others 7, 99
- written texts 7, 23, 93–94, 250
- introversion 57, 68 ; see also personality
K
- knowledge 4, 7, 11, 94, 103–105, 99–101, 103–105, 107, 110, 116–121, 134, 210, 230–231, 234, 250, 253–254
L
- language history 11, 120, 253
- learning styles 6, 11, 51, 53–54, 56–61, 64–65, 67–70 ; see also cognitive style
- length
- of period of acquisition (of learning) 12, 133, 142
- of residence 138, 197
- of study abroad program237
M
- Mead’s Loop90
- mediation 80–83, 99, 101, 254
- microgenetic timescale103
- mirror neurons 90–91, 193, 257
- more knowledgeable other 100, 250
- motion
89–92
- verbs 12, 92, 257
- events 85, 89–92
- motivation
11, 20, 23–24, 29, 32, 35–36, 38, 41, 54, 66,
70, 160, 199, 209–210,
212–214, 218,
233, 236, 252–253, 256,
259, 261
- dynamic 11, 252
N
- negotiation
6, 24, 26, 31, 38, 51, 56,
99–100, 116,
254
- of form 52, 58, 60–63, 65, 69
- of learner identities 212, 254
- of (for) meaning 4, 6, 21, 23–26, 31, 38, 52–53, 55–58, 60–63, 66–67, 69 118, 121, 254–255
- of social relationships210
- of the L2 self213
- noticing
23, 25–28, 34, 39–40, 54
- hypothesis 21, 23, 52
O
- output
6, 33, 35, 36, 41, 51, 52,
55, 144, 192, 210, 251, 255, 256,
258
- adjustments60
- hypothesis (comprehensible output hypothesis) 21–22, 52
- modifications (modified) 6, 24, 40, 54–55, 57, 58, 60–69, 255
- pushed25
P
- pantomime90see also gesture
- perception
35, 131, 137, 201, 238, 254, 256,
260
- of cultural empathy 137–138
- of formality135
- of interlocutors 121, 134, 142, 145, 214, 233, 237–238, 249
- of interlocutor IDs 9, 209, 211, 232–234, 236, 238, 253, 255
- of learner identity212
- of learners 234, 237
- of learning100
- of others230
- of own IDs 259–260
- of past 215, 249
- of peer tutoring100
- of present215
- of reality60
- of self 9, 105, 209–211, 214–215, 218–219, 221–232, 235–236, 249
- of target language and culture99
- of world89
- personal investment12
- personality 11, 36–37, 135, 253–254, 261 ; see also extroversion, introversion
- power relationships 12, 26–28, 118, 199, 254
- pre-linguistic period82
- Preston’s psycholinguistic model 132–133, 143–145, 252
- priming 163, 192, 256
- primitiveness83
- proficiency
4, 6,
11, 19–20, 23–26,
30–31, 37–38, 40–41,
51–65, 67–70, 120, 133, 135, 138–139, 141–143,
145, 210, 213, 216–217,
220, 225, 228, 231, 234–237, 248–250,
253, 259–260
- perceived 31, 138, 160, 179, 259
- pronunciation 12, 107, 197–198, 213, 236
- psychological development 12, 79–80, 87, 93
R
- race (ethnicity) 11, 136, 143, 145, 200, 236, 253–254
- recasts
21–23, 28, 33, 36–37, 39–40, 54–57,
192, 201
- gesture-enhanced57
- relational system 189–192, 202, 211 ; see also coupled system
S
- self
81–82, 210, 212, 214–215, 228–229,
235–236, 238,
249, 257–258, 260–261
- -concept 209, 225
- -confidence 35, 37, 230, 233, 238, 249, 254, 257
- future 214, 249–250, 258
- global 218–219, 222–224
- ideal 36, 213–214, 218–219, 222–224, 231–232, 236
- imagined 218, 230, 235
- L2/HL 213, 236, 255–256, 259, 210–211, 213, 230
- ought-to 218–219, 222–224, 230
- past 215, 254
- possible 9, 11, 209, 215, 218, 221–225, 237, 253–254
- sense of 9, 210, 212, 214, 219, 231, 236, 238
- -talk 82, 102, 116–118 ; see also perception of self
- sign 82–83, 86–87
- sign language 86–89
- signal 58, 83, 193
- social memory197
- social network
138, 194, 238
- analysis 213, 239
- social relations 6–8, 12, 19–20, 23–32, 34, 41, 56, 79, 83, 210, 213, 216, 220, 233, 235, 237, 239
- social situation of development79
- sociolinguistic competence 127–128, 161
- sociolinguistic variable 128–130, 143–144, 160–161, 163–164, 167, 170–171, 174, 179
- stages of development 55, 165, 199
- study abroad 9, 12, 35, 38, 41, 133, 141–142, 146, 209–210, 212–221, 232–239, 249, 255–256 ; see also immersion
- subject expression 8, 12, 129–133, 140, 159–165, 167–181, 255, 259
- synchronization
192–193, 197,
250, 255, 257
- emergent synchrony193
- synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC)see computer-mediated communication
T
- target culture 38, 99–101, 137, 212, 256
- task
12, 129, 131, 133, 139, 163, 254,
261
- role in 12, 30, 196, 253
- type/demands 6–7, 30, 51, 56–70, 160, 251, 253–254
- teacher talk 20, 160
- theory of mind 87–89, 193, 195
- theory of processes130
- theory of systems130
- thinking for speaking 89–93, 257
- type I variation161
- type II variation161
V
- variant
128–132, 137–138, 143–144,
254, 256
- prestige136
- regional 12, 141
- stylistic 12, 137
W
- willingness to communicate 11, 20, 26, 29, 35–37, 41, 54–55, 70, 213, 253, 257–260
- working memory (WM) 11, 32, 39–40, 54–55, 139, 145–146, 160, 253, 255
Z
- zone of proximal development (ZPD) 4, 6–7, 100, 102
