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In:Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences
Edited by Laura Gurzynski-Weiss
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 53] 2020
► pp. 127–158

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Chapter 6
Variationist perspective(s) on interlocutor individual differences

 | Indiana University
Published online: 21 January 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.53.06gee
Abstract
The variationist perspective provides tools for modeling language use in context by incorporating the influences of social and linguistic factors in the interactional setting. These influencing factors include speaker characteristics (age, regional origin), characteristics of the setting (formality), and characteristics of other participants in the interaction (Geeslin & Long, 2014). In second language research, these factors can describe change over time (i.e., development) and the acquisition of sociolinguistic competence (i.e., the ability to modify one’s speech in socially acceptable ways across settings) (Canale & Swain, 1980; Tarone, 2007). While the variationist perspective is well equipped for addressing the role of the interlocutor, the potential of variationist tools has not been fully exploited. The present chapter reviews existing variationist research, provides a new model that includes these interlocutor-related factors, and proposes a research agenda for moving forward.
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • An overview of the variationist approach
  • A focus on the interlocutor
  • Empirical studies on interlocutors
    • Existing research: Second languages
  • Moving forward
  • Conclusion: Variationism and the interlocutor
  • Notes
  • References
References (178)
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Blaker, Nicholas M. & Thomas Goebel-Mahrle
2025. Revisiting the acquisition of the variable perfective past in L2 Spanish during short-term study abroad. In Research at the Intersection of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 43], ► pp. 89 ff. DOI logo
Edmonds, Amanda & Aarnes Gudmestad
2025. From stay-abroad research to SLA theory. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 10:2 ► pp. 155 ff. DOI logo
Gudmestad, Aarnes
2025. The development of sociolinguistic competence in Spanish: insights from study-abroad research. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 12:2 ► pp. 137 ff. DOI logo
Hanson, Stacey & Elena Schoonmaker-Gates
2025. Interlocutor perceptions of regional phone use in L2 Spanish. In Research at the Intersection of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 43], ► pp. 178 ff. DOI logo
Scucchi, Shana & Paul A. Malovrh
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Jung, YeonJoo & Scott Crossley
2024. Stylistic alignment in natural conversation involving second language speakers. Applied Linguistics Review 15:3 ► pp. 871 ff. DOI logo
Geeslin, Kimberly L.
2023. Epilogue. In Study Abroad and the Second Language Acquisition of Sociolinguistic Variation in Spanish [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 37], ► pp. 350 ff. DOI logo
Liu, Chang
2023. A critical understanding of second language acquisition from two sociolinguistic strands: The Variationist approach and the Investment Perspective. Journal of Language Teaching 3:3 ► pp. 19 ff. DOI logo
Schoonmaker-Gates, Elena
2023. Dialect-specificity and learners’ L2 perceptual resilience after study abroad. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 9:3 ► pp. 362 ff. DOI logo

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