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Article published In: Signed and spoken language contrastive research: A multimodal approach
Edited by Sílvia Gabarró-López and Laurence Meurant
[Languages in Contrast 22:2] 2022
► pp. 227–258

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Embodied cognition

ASL signers’ and English speakers’ use of viewpointed space

 | University of Manitoba, Canada
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

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This article was made Open Access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license through payment of an APC by or on behalf of the author.

Published online: 4 July 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00020.jan
Abstract
Recent work has shown that ASL (American Sign Language) signers not only articulate the language in the space in front of and around them, they interact with that space bodily, such that those interactions are frequently viewpointed. At a basic level, signers use their bodies to depict the actions of characters, either themselves or others, in narrative retelling. These viewpointed instances seem to reflect “embodied cognition”, in that our construal of reality is largely due to the nature of our bodies (Evans, V. and Green, M. 2006. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) and “embodied language” such that the symbols we use to communicate are “grounded in recurring patterns of bodily experience” (Gibbs, R. W. Jr. 2017. Embodiment. In Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, B. Dancygier (ed.), 449–462. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar: 450). But what about speakers of a spoken language such as English? While we know that meaning and structure for any language, whether spoken or signed, affect and are affected by the embodied mind (note that the bulk of research on embodied language has been about spoken, not signed, language), we can learn much about embodied cognition and viewpointed space when spoken languages are treated as multimodal. Here, we compare signed ASL and spoken, multimodal English discourse to examine whether the two languages incorporate viewpointed space in similar or different ways.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Embodied cognition and embodied language
    • 2.1Gesturing and signing as embodied language
  • 3.Viewpoint and stance
  • 4.The narrative data
    • 4.1The ASL narratives
    • 4.2The multimodal English narratives
  • 5.Perspectivized spaces
    • 5.1Positioning referents in a space
    • 5.2Interacting with referents spatially
      • 5.2.1Portraying the perspective of a third person referent
  • 6.Stance-taking and stance-stacking
  • 7.Dual viewpointing
  • 8.Conclusion
  • ASL transcription key
  • Notes
  • References
References (62)
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