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Article published In: The gesture–sign interface in language acquisition / L’interface geste–signe dans l’acquisition du langage
Edited by Aliyah Morgenstern and Michèle Guidetti
[Language, Interaction and Acquisition 8:1] 2017
► pp. 141–171

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La négation chez les enfants signeurs et non signeurs

Des patrons gestuels communs

 | CNRS | Paris 8
 | Université de Rouen
 | Université Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle
 | Université Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle

Article language: French

Published online: 16 October 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.07blo
Résumé
Cet article présente une étude de cas de l’expression de la négation jusqu’à 3 ans chez quatre enfants évoluant dans des environnements langagiers différents : majoritairement monolingue (anglais, français, LSF) ou bilingue (LSF-français), majoritairement unimodal (modalité visuo-gestuelle de la LSF) ou bimodal (visuo-gestuelle et audio-vocale). Nous décrivons l’émergence et le développement d’une expression gestuelle multimodale, selon que la langue cible intègre (LSF) ou non (anglais, français) cette gestuelle dans sa grammaire, et explorons ainsi l’interface geste-signe. Nous nous attardons sur deux formes gestuelles présentes dans les productions de quatre enfants pour en déterminer les invariants kinésiologiques sous forme de « patrons gestuels contrastifs » et nous analysons la façon dont ces patrons dessinent des sous-ensembles sémantiques dans l’expression gestuelle de la négation et son acquisition.
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of the expression of negation in four children up to 3 years old from a variety of linguistic environments: either predominantly monolingual (English, French, LSF) or bilingual (LSF-French), either predominantly unimodal (visual-gestural modality with LSF) or bimodal (visual-gestural and audio-vocal). We explore the gesture-sign interface as we describe the emergence and development of a multimodal gestural expression according to whether the target language incorporates gesture in its grammar (LSF) or does not (English, French). We focus on two gestures present in the productions of the four children in order to determine its kinesiological core features through “contrastive gestural patterns”. Our analyses enable us to differentiate the gestural expressions of negation into semantic subsets and highlight differences in their acquisition.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Les gestes dans l’expression de la négation : état de l’art
    • 2.1Acquisition : l’expression gestuelle de la négation chez les enfants
      • 2.1.1Les enfants non signeurs
      • 2.1.2Les enfants signeurs isolés
      • 2.1.3Les enfants signeurs
    • 2.2Négation dans les langues des signes (langue cible)
      • 2.2.1Inventaire des catégories rencontrées : manuelles et non-manuelles
      • 2.2.2Unité et diversité des langues des signes
    • 2.3Les gestes de négation dans une approche du geste et de son sens
      • 2.3.1Des familles de gestes selon le cadre de référence
      • 2.3.2Degrés de liberté et propagation du mouvement
      • 2.3.3Origines segmentales, transfert des mouvements et de leur signification
  • 3.Méthodologie
    • 3.1Études longitudinales
    • 3.2Codages utilisés
  • 4.Résultats : spécificités et invariants
    • 4.1Rapport à l’environnement, en fonction de sa bimodalité
    • 4.2Grammaticalisation
      • 4.2.1Charlotte
      • 4.2.2Illana
      • 4.2.3Ellie
      • 4.2.4Madeleine
    • 4.3Répartition des deux patrons gestuels contrastés
    • 4.4Sens et schémas d’action chez Madeleine
      • 4.4.1Les invariants polaires de la négation gestuelle
      • 4.4.2Codage complémentaire : sémantique et physiologique
      • 4.4.3Répartition selon les critères sémantiques
      • 4.4.4Répartition selon les critères formels
        • 4.4.4.1Sur la main
        • 4.4.4.2Sur l’avant-bras, sur le bras et l’épaule
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Remerciements
  • Notes
  • References
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