Article published In: The gesture–sign interface in language acquisition / L’interface geste–signe dans l’acquisition du langage
Edited by Aliyah Morgenstern and Michèle Guidetti
[Language, Interaction and Acquisition 8:1] 2017
► pp. 117–140
A functional approach to self-points and self-reference in a deaf signing child and the (dis)continuity issue in child language
Published online: 16 October 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.06cae
https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.06cae
Abstract
Based on her observation of two deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL) who stopped pointing to persons at around 12 months and then produced reversal errors, Petitto, L. A. (1987). On the autonomy of language and gesture: evidence from the acquisition of personal pronouns in American Sign Language. Cognition 27(1), 1–52. argued that the discontinuous development of gestures and signs gives support to the hypothesis that language does not arise from general cognitive processes. However, since then, a large amount of studies on hearing children have suggested that early pointing was strongly related to later language abilities. In this paper, we follow up on these socio-cognitive approaches, with a dataset comparable to Petitto’s. We study the development of pointing and self-reference in a deaf child acquiring French Sign Language (LSF). We focus on self-reference rather than self-points, and suggest that, despite the apparent discontinuity in the production of self-points, there is continuity in the establishment of self-reference. In our data, the child produces self-points early on. She then uses predicates without overt subject before entering more complex syntax by combining predicates and self-points. The deaf signing child constructs self-reference similarly to speaking children and uses specific forms provided by her linguistic environment according to her cognitive, social and linguistic development.
Keywords: pointing, continuity, self-reference, language acquisition, French Sign Language
Résumé
Après avoir observé que les deux enfants sourds de son corpus arrêtaient de pointer autour de 12 mois et produisaient ensuite des renversements pronominaux, Petitto, L. A. (1987). On the autonomy of language and gesture: evidence from the acquisition of personal pronouns in American Sign Language. Cognition 27(1), 1–52. a suggéré que le développement discontinu des gestes et des signes apportait des arguments de poids en faveur de l’hypothèse selon laquelle le langage se développerait indépendamment des autres aspects de la cognition. Depuis, un grand nombre de travaux portant sur les enfants entendants ont cependant montré un lien fort entre les premiers pointages et leurs compétences langagières futures. Cet article s’inscrit dans la lignée de ces approches socio-cognitives tout en analysant des données comparables à celles de Petitto. Nous étudions le développement du pointage et de la référence à soi chez une enfant sourde acquérant la Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Le changement de perspective que nous adoptons, des pointages à la référence à soi, nous permet de montrer que malgré une apparente discontinuité dans le développement des pointages vers soi, il y a continuité dans l’établissement de la référence à soi. Dans notre corpus, l’enfant produit des pointages vers soi très précocement. Elle utilise ensuite des prédicats sans sujet avant d’entrer dans une syntaxe plus complexe avec combinaison de prédicats et de pointages. L’enfant sourde signeuse construit la référence à soi comme les enfants entendants, usant des différentes formes qui lui sont proposées par sa communauté linguistique en fonction de son développement socio-cognitif et linguistique.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1From ‘prelinguistic’ to ‘linguistic’ productions: The (dis)continuity issue in first language acquisition
- 1.1.1From babbling to words and signs
- 1.1.2From gestures to words or signs
- 1.2Self-pointing and reference to self in LSF
- 1.3Aim of this study
- 1.1From ‘prelinguistic’ to ‘linguistic’ productions: The (dis)continuity issue in first language acquisition
- 2.Method
- 3.Analysis 1: pointing in Charlotte’s data
- 3.1Quantitative analyses
- 3.2Discussion of analysis 1
- 4.Analysis 2: self-points and self-reference
- 4.1Qualitative and quantitative analyses
- 4.2Discussion of analysis 2
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Note
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