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Article published In: Language, Plasticity and Learning: Developmental Issues: Langage, Plasticité et Apprentissage : enjeux développementaux
Edited by Michèle Kail and Frédéric Isel
[Language, Interaction and Acquisition 12:1] 2021
► pp. 82–109

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Capturing the variation in language experience to understand language processing and learning

 | University of California, Irvine
 | University of California, Irvine
 | University of California, Irvine
Published online: 27 July 2021
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.20018.kro
Abstract
A goal of early research on language processing was to characterize what is universal about language. Much of the past research focused on native speakers because the native language has been considered as providing privileged truths about acquisition, comprehension, and production. Populations or circumstances that deviated from these idealized norms were of interest but not regarded as essential to our understanding of language. In the past two decades, there has been a marked change in our understanding of how variation in language experience may inform the central and enduring questions about language. There is now evidence for significant plasticity in language learning beyond early childhood, and variation in language experience has been shown to influence both language learning and processing. In this paper, we feature what we take to be the most exciting recent new discoveries suggesting that variation in language experience provides a lens into the linguistic, cognitive, and neural mechanisms that enable language processing.
Résumé
L’un des buts des premières recherches sur le traitement du langage était de caractériser ce qui est universel dans le langage. La plupart des recherches antérieures se sont concentrées sur les locuteurs natifs parce que la langue maternelle était considérée comme la source de vérités privilégiées concernant l’acquisition, la compréhension et la production. Des populations ou des circonstances qui déviaient de ces normes idéalisées étaient d’un certain intérêt, mais sans être vues comme essentielles pour notre entendement du langage. Dans les deux dernières décennies, il s’est produit un changement marquant dans notre conception de comment la variation dans l’exposition au langage peut renseigner les questions primordiales et persistantes qui se posent sur le langage. Il est maintenant prouvé qu’une plasticité importante demeure dans l’apprentissage du langage au-delà de la petite enfance, et il a été démontré que la variation dans l’exposition au langage influence à la fois l’apprentissage et le traitement du langage. Dans cet article, nous mettons l’accent sur ce qui constitue à notre avis les découvertes récentes les plus prometteuses qui suggèrent que la variation dans l’exposition au langage permet de mettre en lumière les mécanismes linguistiques, cognitifs et neuraux qui président au traitement du langage.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The fate of the native language: A view from bilingualism
    • 2.1Native language change
    • 2.2From change to regulation
    • 2.3The consequences of regulating the native language
  • 3.Multiple sources of variation in L2 learning: Evidence from children and adults
  • 4.Multiple paths, one outcome: Individual differences in language processing and cognitive control engagement
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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2022. What Heritage Bilinguals Tell Us about the Language of Emotion. Languages 7:2 ► pp. 144 ff. DOI logo
Beatty-Martínez, Anne L. & Debra A. Titone
2021. The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes. Languages 6:4 ► pp. 168 ff. DOI logo

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