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Article published In: Language, Interaction and Acquisition
Vol. 11:2 (2020) ► pp.196–231

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L’émergence du figement dans la production langagière précoce

Une comparaison français – arabe tunisien

 | Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie de Tunis
 | CNRS-Paris 8
 | CNRS-Paris 8

Article language: French

Published online: 25 November 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.20002.yai
Résumé
Malgré l’importance prise par le thème du figement dans la recherche récente, l’étude de la production des séquences figées ou semi-figées au tout début du langage reste encore très peu développée. Le présent article examine l’émergence du figement chez l’enfant en adoptant une approche comparative inter langues. L’étude se base sur les corpus longitudinaux de production spontanée de deux enfants, l’un francophone et l’autre arabophone tunisien, enregistrés entre 18 et 42 mois. L’objectif est d’identifier les unités complexes, de les caractériser et d’en évaluer l’importance dans la production précoce en fonction de la langue en acquisition. Les résultats montrent, malgré les profondes différences structurales opposant les langues examinées, de très nettes tendances communes que l’on peut considérer comme des caractéristiques générales du développement du figement. L’étude fait apparaître aussi des particularités dans le développement des deux enfants, tant au plan des variables générales que du lexique simple et du lexique figé, particularités que nous discutons à la lumière du contraste typologique français/arabe.
Abstract
Despite the importance given to the theme of fixed expressions in recent research, the study of the production of fixed or semi-fixed sequences during the first years of life is still not very developed. This article deals with the emergence of set sequences in children, using a cross-linguistic comparison approach. The study is based on the longitudinal corpora of the spontaneous production of two young children with different mother tongues: a French and a Tunisian Arab speaking child (aged between 18 and 42 months). The objective of the research is to identify and describe complex units and to assess their importance in early production according to the language acquired. The results show, despite the considerable structural differences between the languages examined, very clear common trends which can be considered as general characteristics of the development of this phenomenon. The study also reveals interesting peculiarities in the development between the two children, both in terms of general variables as well as in the simple lexicon and the multi-word lexicon, peculiarities which we discuss taking account of the French / Arabic typological contrast.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Le figement dans la langue
  • 3.L’émergence du figement dans le langage de l’enfant
  • 4.L’approche interlangues et la comparaison français / arabe
  • 5.La présente étude : objectifs, hypothèses et méthodologie
    • 5.1Objectifs, hypothèses et questions de recherche
    • 5.2Recueil des données et corpus
    • 5.3Transcription
    • 5.4Sessions analysées
    • 5.5Codage des énoncés
      • 5.5.1Le codage de la longueur de l’énoncé
      • 5.5.2Le codage des unités simples
      • 5.5.3Le codage des unités complexes
  • 6.Résultats
    • 6.1Analyses préalables : Variables générales
    • 6.2Distribution des lexiques simple et complexe : leur part respective dans la production
    • 6.3Composition du lexique simple et du lexique complexe : les classes lexicales
      • 6.3.1L’analyse des classes lexicales constituant les unités simples
      • 6.3.2L’analyse des classes lexicales constituant les unités complexes
    • 6.4Focus sur les unités complexes figées : caractéristiques et développement
      • 6.4.1Les interjections complexes
      • 6.4.2Les formules
      • 6.4.3Les catégories lexicales et grammaticales
  • 7.Discussion et conclusion
  • Remerciements
  • Remarques
  • Références
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