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Article published In: Lingvisticæ Investigationes
Vol. 42:2 (2019) ► pp.186–233

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La saillance en français et en chinois

Approche multifactorielle et étude contrastive

 | Lattice, CNRS, ENS, PSL Research University, Université Paris 3, USPC
 | Lattice, CNRS, ENS, PSL Research University, Université Paris 3, USPC

Article language: French

Published online: 16 March 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/li.00034.hou
Résumé
Nous proposons dans cet article une analyse multifactorielle et contrastive de la notion de saillance, telle qu’elle s’applique aux entités du discours et détermine l’interprétation référentielle d’une anaphore. En observant les phénomènes de saillance en français et en chinois, notre but est de montrer que la saillance est influencée par une multitude de facteurs, de manière plus ou moins comparable dans les deux langues. Nous classons ces facteurs selon leur nature syntaxique, sémantique, textuelle ou pragmatique. Notre approche contrastive permet d’illustrer que, si plusieurs divergences – qui sont souvent corrélées avec les différences typologiques des deux langues – s’observent au niveau syntaxique, de nombreux facteurs de saillance dérivent plutôt de principes cognitifs généraux.
Abstract
Salience in French and Chinese: Multifactorial approach and contrastive study
In this paper, we propose a multifactorial and contrastive analysis of salience, as it applies to discourse entities and helps determining the antecedent of an anaphora. By observing some examples of salience in French and in Chinese, we show that salience is influenced by a multitude of factors, in a more or less comparable way in both languages. These factors can be classified into four categories – syntactic, semantic, textual and pragmatic. Our contrasting approach allows discussing the universality and language-specific aspects of salience factors. While several divergences – which are often correlated with the typological differences of the two languages – can be found at the syntactic level, many other factors of salience seem to be based on general cognitive principles.
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • 1.Notion de saillance
    • 1.1Contexte de recherche: Saillance et référence
    • 1.2Approche: La saillance en tant que notion multifactorielle
  • 2.Facteurs syntaxiques
    • 2.1Fonction syntaxique
    • 2.2Construction syntaxique à effet de saillance
    • 2.3Parallélisme syntaxique
    • 2.4Hiérarchie syntaxique
  • 3.Facteurs sémantiques
    • 3.1Sémantique du verbe (dans la proposition de l’antécédent)
    • 3.2Sémantique du verbe (dans la proposition de l’anaphore)
    • 3.3Sémantique du référent
  • 4.Facteurs textuels
    • 4.1L’ordre d’apparition des entités référentielles
    • 4.2La récence linéaire
    • 4.3Seul antécédent
    • 4.4Répétition et fréquence d’apparition
    • 4.5Personnage (protagoniste) principal dans la narration
  • 5.Facteurs pragmatiques
    • 5.1Référent connu/nouveau
    • 5.2Contrainte pragmatique
  • 6.Discussion
    • 6.1Récapitulatif des facteurs de saillance
    • 6.2Universalité et spécificité des facteurs de saillance
    • 6.3Limites de l’étude présentée
  • Conclusion
  • Remarques
  • Références
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