Article published In: Dialogue and Ways of Relating
Edited by Huey-Rong Chen
[Language and Dialogue 10:1] 2020
► pp. 74–96
After mobilization
Youth, political engagement, and online performance in Hong Kong
Published online: 19 May 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.00060.ip
https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.00060.ip
Abstract
My research addresses how social actors “act upon” social change by generating self-interpretation and
representation of social life on the one hand and control over values and cultural orientations against the authorities on the
other. While the existing literature on social movements overemphasizes the moments of mobilization, this article examines the
intersections of social activism, online curative practices, and their everyday life. For this article, I opted to depict three
representative cases of Hong Kong young activists who joined the Umbrella Movement in 2014. I argue that despite their similar
political experiences, there are three divergent forms of agency embodied in their cultural representations. They figure in
contestations which increasingly alienate the politicized crowd from civil society and the establishment.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Ethnography, the Internet, and Hong Kong
- 3.Society as a site of contestations through experiences
- 3.1Williams: Nostalgic nationalism
- 3.2Charles: A sectarian youth
- 3.3Stephen: Voluntarism and civil society
- 4.Conclusion
- Notes
References
References (60)
Abercrombie, Nicholas and Bryan Turner. 1978. “The Dominant Ideology.” The British Journal of Sociology 29(2): 149–170.
Barber, Benjamin B. 2003. “Which Technology and Which Democracy?” In Democracy and the new media, ed. by Henry Jenkins and David Thorburn, 33–48. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Bennett, Andy. 2004. “Virtual subculture? Youth identity and the Internet.” In After subculture: Critical Studies in Contemporary Youth Culture, ed. by Andy Bennett and Keith Khan-Harris, 162–172. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Castells, Manuel. 1983. The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-cultural Theory of Urban Social Movement. London: Edward Arnold.
Chan, Chitat. 2013. “Young activists and the anti-patriotic education movement in postcolonial Hong Kong: some insights from Twitter.” Journal of Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 12(3): 148–162.
Chu, Donna. 2009. “Collective behavior in YouTube: a case study of ‘Bus Uncle’ online videos.” Asian Journal of Communication 19(3): 337–353.
. 2018. “Media Use and Protest Mobilization: A Case Study of Umbrella Movement Within Hong Kong Schools.” Social Media Society 4(1): 1–11.
Chu, Yin-Wah and James T. H. Tang. 2005. “The Internet and Civil Society: Environmental and Labour Organizations in Hong Kong.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29(4): 849–866.
Day, Richard. 2004. “From hegemony to affinity: The political logic of the newest social movements.” Cultural Studies 18(5): 716–748.
Foucault, Michel. 1980. “Truth and Power.” In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings by Michel Foucault, 1972–1977, ed. by Colin Gordon, 109–133. New York: Pantheon.
Fu, King-wa, Wincy S. C. Chan, Paul W. C. Wong, and Paul S. F. Yip. 2010. “Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 196(6): 486–492.
Goodwin, Jeff and James M. Jasper. 2015. “Editors Introduction.” In The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts, ed. by Jeff Goodwin and James M. Jasper, 1–8. West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons.
Grossberg, Lawrence. 1996. “The Space of Culture, the Power of Space.” The Postcolonial Question: Common Skies, Divided Horizons, ed. by Iain Chambers and Lidia Curti, 169–188. London/ New York: Routledge.
Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson. 1992. “Beyond ‘Culture’: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference.” Cultural Anthropology 7(1): 6–23.
Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
. 2009. “Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy still have an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research.” Europe. The Faltering Project. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hannigan, John A. 1985. “Alain Touraine, Manuel Castells and Social Movement Theory: A Critical Appraisal.” The Sociological Quarterly 26(4): 435–454.
Hogan, Bernie. 2010. “The Presentation of Self in the Age of Social Media: Distinguishing Performances and Exhibitions Online.” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 30(6): 377–386.
Hook, Derek. 2001. “Discourse, Knowledge, Materiality, History: Foucault and Discourse Analysis.” Theory and Psychology 11(4): 521–547.
Ip, Iam-chong. 2015. “Politics of belonging: a study of the campaign against mainland visitors in Hong Kong.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 16(3): 410–421.
. 2019. “Political de-institutionalization and the rise of right-wing nativism.” Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Hong Kong, ed. by Tai-lok Lui, Stephen W. K. Chiu, and Ray Yep, 462–473. London/ New York: Routledge.
Laclau, Ernesto. 1990. “The Impossibility of the Society.” New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time 89–92. New York/ London: Verso.
Lam, Wai-Man. 2004. Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Lau, Siu-kai and Hsin-chi Kuan. 1988. The Ethos of the Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
Law, Wing Sang. 2009. Collaborative Colonial Power: The Making of the Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lee, Francis Lap Fung and Joseph Man Chan. 2008. “Making sense of participation: The political culture of pro-democracy demonstrators in Hong Kong.” The China Quarterly 1931: 84–101.
Lee, Francis Lap Fung and Joseph Man Chan. [李立峰、陳韜文]. 2013. 初探香港「社運社會」:分析香港社會集體抗爭行動的形態和發展 (Exploring the social movement society in Hong Kong: An analysis of the formation and development of contentious collective actions in Hong Kong). In [張少強、梁啟智等 編] (eds.) 《香港,論述,傳媒》 (Hong Kong, Discourse, Media, ed. by Cheung, S. K. et al.), 243–263. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Leung, Dennis K. K. and Francis Lap Fung Lee. 2014. “Cultivating an Active Online Counterpublic: Examining Usage and Political Impact of Internet Alternative Media.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 19(3): 340–359.
Leung, Lisa Yuk Ming. 2018. “Online Radio Listening as ‘affective Publics’? (Closeted) Participation in the Post-Umbrella Movement Everyday.” Cultural Studies 32(4): 511–529.
Lin, Wan-Ying, Pauline Hope Cheong, Yong-Chan Kim and Joo-Young Jung. 2010. “Becoming Citizens: Youths’ Civic Uses of New Media in Five Digital Cities in East Asia.” Journal of Adolescent Research 25(6): 839–857.
Ma, Ngor. 2011. “Value changes and legitimacy crisis in post-industrial Hong Kong.” Asian Survey 51(4): 683–712.
. 2015. “The rise of ‘anti-China’ sentiments in Hong Kong and the 2012 Legislative Council elections.” The China Review 15(1): 39–66.
Newman, Saul. 2001. From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-Authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power. Lexington Books.
Offe, Claus. 1985. “New social movements: challenging the boundaries of institutional politics.” Social Research 52(4): 817–68.
Page, Ruth E. 2012. Stories and Social Media: Identities and Interaction. London and New York: Routledge.
Peters. 2008. “On Public Deliberation and Public Culture.” In Public Deliberation and Public Culture: The Writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993 – 2005, ed. by Hartmut Wessler, 68–121. London: Palgrave.
Plows, Alexandra. 2008. “Social Movements and Ethnographic Methodologies: An Analysis Using Case Study Examples.” Sociology Compass 2(5): 1523–38.
Putnam, Robert D. 2001. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Rucht, Dieter. 1991. “Sociological theory as a theory of social movements?: A critique of Alain Touraine.” In Research on Social Movements: The State of the Art in Western Europe and the USA, ed. by Dieter Rucht, 355–384. Boulder: Westview.
Tilly, Charles and Tarrow, Sidney. 2015. Contentious Politics. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Touraine, Alain. 1977. The Self-Production of Society. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
2002. “Political Discourse and Ideology.” In Anàlisi del discurs polític, ed. by Clara U. Lorda and Montserrat Ribas, 15–34. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
van Manen, Max. 2010. The Pedagogy of Momus Technologies: Facebook, Privacy, and Online Intimacy. Qualitative Health Research 20(8): 1023–1032.
Vannini, Phillip. 2007. “Social Semiotics and Fieldwork: Method and Analytics.” Qualitative Inquiry 13(1): 113–140.
Wilson, Brian and Michael Atkinson. 2005. “Rave and Straightedge, the virtual and the real: Exploring online and offline experiences in Canadian youth subcultures.” Youth and Society 36(3), 276–311.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
