Article published In: Language, Context and Text
Vol. 2:1 (2020) ► pp.3–21
Trinocular views of register
Approaching register trinocularly
Published online: 29 January 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/langct.00019.mat
https://doi.org/10.1075/langct.00019.mat
Abstract
Michael Halliday’s argument for the value of ‘trinocular vision’ in linguistic research has particular relevance
to the observation, exploration and description of register. Taking each semiotic dimension relevant to the characterisation of
register by turn, I begin by discussing Halliday’s proposition. I then proceed, using the metaphor of cartography, to examine
register variation via the intersection of three semiotic dimensions: stratification, instantiation and metafunction. I discuss
how such examinations enable us to create description maps of register variation. From this basis, I discuss a long-term programme
of systematically producing descriptive maps of registers, which I and colleagues have begun. Finally, I suggest that by using
such maps we can better understand such important phenomena as aggregates of registers and personal register repertoires.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Halliday’s trinocular vision – applied to register
- 2.1Trinocular vision
- 2.2Shunting along global and local semiotic dimensions
- 2.3Beyond semiotic systems: The ordered typology of systems
- 3.The intersection of stratification and instantiation
- 4.Registerial cartography
- 4.1The notion of semiotic cartography
- 4.2Registerial cartography
- 4.3Adding another global semiotic dimension: The metafunctional spectrum
- 4.4Further semiotic dimensions: axis and rank
- 4.5Aggregates of registers
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (49)
Anderson, Jon. 2015. Understanding cultural geography: Places and traces (2nd edition). London & New York: Routledge.
Anderson, Kay, Mona Domosh, Steve Pile & Nigel Thrift. (eds.). 2003. Handbook of cultural geography. London: Sage.
Bateman, John A. 2008. Multimodality and genre: A foundation for the systematic analysis of multimodal documents. London & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bateman, John A., Janina Wildfeuer & Tuomo Hiippala. 2017. Multimodality: Foundations, research and analysis – A problem-oriented introduction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bednarek, Monika & James R. Martin. 2010. New discourse on language: Functional perspectives on multimodality, identity, and affiliation. London: Continuum.
Grishman, Ralph & Richard Kittredge. (eds.). 1986. Analyzing language in restricted domains: Sublanguage description and processing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gu, Yueguo. 2002. Towards an understanding of workplace discourse – a pilot study for compiling a spoken Chinese corpus of situated discourse. In Christopher Candlin (ed.), Theory and practice of professional discourse, 137–185. Hong Kong: CUHK Press.
Halliday, Michael A. K. 1961. Categories of the theory of grammar. Word 17(3). 242–292. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, On grammar, volume 1 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 37–94. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2002.
1970. Functional diversity in language, as seen from a consideration of modality and mood in English. Foundations of Language 61. 322–361. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, Studies in English Language, volume 7 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 164–204. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2005.
1978. Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
1979. Modes of meaning and modes of expression: Types of grammatical structure and their determination by different semantic functions. In David J. Allerton, Edward Carney & David Holdcroft (eds.), Function and context in linguistic analysis: A festschrift for William Haas, 57–79. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, On grammar, volume 1 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 196–218. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2002.
1985. It’s a fixed word order language is English. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics 67–681. 91–116. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, Studies in English Language, volume 7 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 213–223. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2005.
1988. On the language of physical science. In Mohsen Ghadessy (ed.), Registers of written English: Situational factors and linguistic features, 162–178. London & New York: Pinter Publishers. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, The language of science, volume 5 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 140–158. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2004.
1991. The notion of ‘context’ in language education. In Thao Le & Mike McCausland (eds.), Interaction and development: Proceedings of the international conference, Vietnam, 30 March – 1 April 1991, 1–26. University of Tasmania: Language education. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, Language and education, volume 9 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 269–290. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2007.
1994. Language and the theory of codes. In Alan Sadovnik (ed.), Knowledge and pedagogy: The sociology of Basil Bernstein, 124–142. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, Language and society, volume 10 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 231–246. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2007.
1996. On grammar and grammatics. In Ruqaiya Hasan, Carmel Cloran & David Butt (eds.), Functional descriptions: Theory into practice, 1–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, On grammar, volume 1 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 384–417. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2002.
2002. Computing meanings: Some reflections on past experience and present prospects. In Guowen Huang & Zongyan Wang (eds.), Discourse and language functions, 3–25. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Reprinted in Michael A. K. Halliday, Computational and quantitative studies, volume 6 in the collected works of M.A.K. Halliday, 239–267. Edited by Jonathan J. Webster. London & New York: Continuum. 2005.
Halliday, Michael A. K., Angus McIntosh & Peter Strevens. 1964. The linguistic sciences and language teaching. London: Longman.
Halliday, Michael A. K. & Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. 2014. Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar (4th edition). London: Routledge.
Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1973. Code, register and social dialect. In Basil Bernstein (ed.), Class, codes and control: Applied studies towards a sociology of language (volume 21), 253–292. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hiippala, Tuomo. 2015. The structure of multimodal documents: An empirical approach. New York: Routledge.
Huddleston, Rodney D., Richard A. Hudson, Eugene Winter & Alick Henrici. 1968. Sentence and clause in scientific English: Final report of O.S.T.I. Programme. University College London: Communication Research Centre.
Lukin, Annabelle. 2019. War and its ideologies: A social-semiotic theory and description. Singapore: Springer.
Martin, James R. 1992. English text: System and structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
2010. Semantic variation – Modelling realisation, instantiation and individuation in social semiosis. In Monika Bednarek & James R. Martin (eds.), New discourse on language: Functional perspectives on multimodality, identity, and affiliation, 1–34. London: Continuum.
Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M. 1993. Register in the round: Diversity in a unified theory of register analysis. In Mohsen Ghadessy (ed.), Register analysis: Theory and practice, 221–292. London: Pinter.
1995. Lexicogrammatical cartography: English systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers.
2007. The “architecture” of language according to systemic functional theory: Developments since the 1970s. In Ruqaiya Hasan, Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen & Jonathan J. Webster (eds.), Continuing discourse on language (volume 21), 505–561. London: Equinox.
2009. Multisemiotic and context-based register typology: Registerial variation in the complementarity of semiotic systems. In Eija Ventola & Arsenio J. M. Guijarro (eds.), The world told and the world shown, 11–38. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2013. Applying systemic functional linguistics in healthcare contexts. Text and Talk 33(4–5). 437–466.
2015b. Registerial cartography: Context-based mapping of text types and their rhetorical-relational organisation. In Proceedings of PACLIC 28, 12–14 December, Thailand. [URL]
2015c. Modelling context and register: The long-term project of registerial cartography. In Revista Letras & Santa Maria (eds.), Estudos sistêmico-funcionais: Desdobramentos e interfaces, 501. 15–90.
2018. The notion of a multilingual meaning potential: A systemic exploration. In Akila Sellami-Baklouti & Lise Fontaine (eds.), Perspectives from systemic functional linguistics, 90–120. London: Routledge. Version with additional figures to be available at: [URL].
2019. Register in systemic functional linguistics. Register Studies 1(1).10–41.
Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M., Bo Wang & Yuanyi Ma. Forthcoming. Expounding register and registerial cartography in systemic functional linguistics: An interview with Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen. Word.
McEnery, Tony & Andrew Hardie. 2012. Corpus Linguistics: Method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Neumann, Stella. 2012. Applying register analysis to varieties of English. In Monika Fludernik & Benjamin Kohlmann (eds.), Anglistentag 2011 Frei-burg Proceedings, 75–94. Trier: WVT.
. 2018. Register variation and regional varieties. The Third Halliday-Hasan Symposium, 28–19 November 2018.
Patten, Terry. 1988. Systemic text generation as problem solving. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Manerko, Larissa
Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M. & Moslem Yousefi
2022. Systemic functional linguistics as a resource for teacher education and writing development. Language, Context and Text. The Social Semiotics Forum 4:1 ► pp. 114 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
