西班牙語母語者之漢語簡單句的理解策略發展與習得

本文檢視漢語母語者、西班牙語母語者漢語初級及中高級學習者在理解具有不同生命性對比的名詞組之下的漢語主動賓句以及主題句時所採用的模式。結果發現在主動賓句方面，三組均將第一個名詞組當成施事、第二個名詞組當成受事（即 NVN 捷思法），而名詞生命性的對比影響不大。至於主題句的理解，漢語母語人士及中高級的學習者隨機猜測其中一個名詞組作為施事，而初級的學習者則多運用 NVN 捷思法處理之。這三組漢語使用者的理解模式，符應了語法優先假說：運用語法結構進行語句理解，雖然名詞組生命性的對比影響了主題句的理解，但其影響力未大過語法結構。

A major issue in second language acquisition has been to explain how the second language learner’s acquisition of comprehension strategies is affected by the good-enough representation (namely, NVN strategy, the learner’s first language background, and second language input). This study involves two distinct types of informants: native speakers of Mandarin Chinese; and Spanish learners of Mandarin with elementary and intermediate-to-advanced proficiency. It investigates how they comprehend simple Mandarin NVN and NNV sentences with different animacy contrasts. This study has come up with the following conclusions. (1) When comprehending an NVN construction, three study groups of Mandarin users employ an NVN strategy; i.e. they treat the first NP as agent and the second NP as patient, regardless of the animacy contrast on the NPs. (2) But, while attempting to process the NNV construction (which does not exist in Spanish), native Mandarin speakers, as well as Mandarin learners with an intermediate-to-advanced proficiency level, employ a random strategy in trying to process; this indicates a compromise strategy between the NVN strategy and the animacy contrast. (3) And elementary Mandarin learners, on the other hand, tend to use an NVN strategy to comprehend the NNV construction, while paying less attention to the animacy contrast. These results lend support to a good-enough representation account.