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漢語南方方言處所型進行體標記演化的類型學蘊含

 | Beijing Language and Culture University
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Article language: Chinese

抽象
漢語很多南方方言的進行體標記源於處所結構式。本文從跨方言和跨語言的角度討論這種「處所型」進行體標記的共時變異和歷時演變，並在此基礎上探討南方方言處所型進行體標記演化的類型學蘊含。主要發現和觀點如下：(1) 處所型進行體標記在漢語方言中具有廣泛的區域分佈，普遍見於吳、閩、徽等南方方言，也見於粵、湘、贛、客以及官話方言。(2) 處所型進行體標記在南方方言中有甲、乙、丙三類形式，其中甲類ABC三音節形式是南方方言處所型進行體標記的原初形式，乙類的AB/AC/BC式以及丙類的A/B/C式分別是由甲類ABC式通過不同的刪略策略直接或間接刪略而來。(3) 漢語處所型進行體標記的演化在概念語源上體現了世界語言的歷時共性，但在語法化的語義機制和演變類型上卻彰顯了漢語的顯著特點。
Abstract
The typological significance of the evolution of the locative type of progressive marker in Southern Chinese dialects
The progressive markers in many southern Chinese dialects originate from locative constructions. From a cross-dialect and cross-language perspective, this paper tries to discuss the synchronic variation and diachronic development of the locative type of progressive marker in southern Chinese dialects, with an attempt then to manifest the typological significance of the evolution of this type of progressive marker. The following are the main findings and views. (i) The locative type of progressive marker in Chinese dialects shows a vast regional distribution, commonly found in southern dialects such as Wu, Min, and Hui, and also attested in Yue, Xiang, Gan, Hakka, and Mandarin dialects as well. (ii) The locative type of progressive marker in southern Chinese dialects is of three types: type JIA 甲, type YI 乙, and type BING 丙. Among them, type JIA 甲, with a three-syllable form of ABC, is the origin of the locative type of progressive marker in southern Chinese dialects. Type YI 乙, with three patterns of AB, AC, and BC, and type BING 丙 which consists of patterns A, C, and B, are directly or indirectly derived from the trisyllabic ABC pattern of type JIA 甲 through different ellipsis strategies, respectively. (iii) While the evolution of Chinese locative progressive markers reflects the diachronic commonness of world languages in terms of conceptual etymology, it highlights the remarkable characteristics of Chinese in terms of the semantic mechanism and evolution typology of grammaticalization.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.南方方言處所型進行體標記的形式類型
    • 2.1甲類：ABC式
    • 2.2乙類：AB/AC/BC式
      • 2.2.1AB式
      • 2.2.2AC式
      • 2.2.3BC式
    • 2.3丙類：A/B/C式
  • 3.南方方言處所型進行體標記的形式演變
    • 3.1原初形式
    • 3.2刪略類型
  • 4.南方方言進行體標記演化的類型學蘊含
    • 4.1其他語言的處所型進行體結構式
    • 4.2兩種不同的語義機制：隱喻操作與轉喻操作
      • 4.2.1隱喻操作
      • 4.2.2轉喻操作
    • 4.3兩類不同的演變模式：符義學演變與定名學演變
  • 5.結語及餘論
  • 注释
  • Abbreviations
  • Author queries
  • 文獻綜述
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