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語義非定性視角下的事件強迫

ORCiD logo with link | Zhejiang International Studies University
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Article language: Chinese

抽象
本文旨在基於精細類型體系，從語義–語用界面剖析時間修飾語結構中的事件強迫(eventive coercion)，探究漢語時間介詞「自……以來、……後/前」在選擇非時間/事件性論元所引發的強迫能力。我們認為漢語的時間介詞缺乏強大的強迫能力，其原因在於本身的詞彙語義結構：漢語的時間介詞蘊含更精細、嚴格的類型限制，且特定論元的語義受到文化背景知識的影響，顯示出語言間的差異性。兩者的組合互相影響制約，符合. 2012. Co-compositionality in grammar. In Werning, Markus & Hinzen, Wolfram & Machery, Edouard (eds.), The Oxford handbook of compositionality, 371–382. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar的「協同組合性原則」。我們認為強迫是詞彙義驅動的結果，是語義層面的操作，且引發語義非定性；我們須在語用層面借助世界知識或語境知識，通過基於類型信息的弱條件式語用推理，才能得到最終解讀。因此，本文的研究在避免生成句法及生成詞庫理論分析所產生的生成過度/不足、計數等問題的同時，也更合理地解釋強迫解讀展示出的多樣性、靈活性。
Abstract
Eventive coercion from the perspective of semantic underspecification
This paper analyzes the phenomena of eventive coercion in temporal modifiers at the semantic-pragmatic interface, based on a fine-grained type system. we explore the coercive capacity of Chinese temporal connectives zi…yilai ‘since’ and …qian ‘before’/…hou ‘after’ when combined with arguments of non-temporal/eventive type and find out their weakness in coercion. The reason lies in the semantic structure of the lexicon: more fine-grained and stringent type constraints should be imposed in the semantics of Chinese temporal connectives. Moreover, the lexical meaning of a certain argument turned out to be language-specific, due to cultural background knowledge. In process of composition, the interaction of both elements can be identified, which meets what . 2011. Coercion in a general theory of argument selection. Linguistics 49(6). 1401–1431. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar proposes to call “co-compositionality”. By exploiting TCL, we argue that coercion is lexically driven and takes place at the semantic level, which exhibits semantic underspecification. The ultimate reading is obtained at the pragmatic level, when world knowledge or contextual information intervene and the reasoning through the weak conditional based on type information gets utilized. As a result, our research can avoid problems such as under- or overgeneralization and counting caused by applying pure syntactic frameworks or Generative Lexicon Theory. On the other hand, TCL can be considered as a strong formal mechanism for explaining the diversity and flexibility displayed in coercion.
Article outline
  • 1.導論
  • 2.強迫之研究現狀
    • 2.1生成句法角度的分析
    • 2.2基於生成詞庫理論的分析
    • 2.3意義轉換
    • 2.4語義–語用界面分析：類型組合邏輯
    • 2.5小結
  • 3.時間修飾語中的事件強迫
    • 3.1（自）……以來
    • 3.2……（之）後 & ……（之）前
    • 3.3總結
  • 4.結語
  • 致谢
  • 注释
  • 参考文献
References (35)
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