台灣混合腔閩南語通行語化的探討

台灣閩南語在漳泉方言的長期接觸下，具備「不漳不泉、亦漳亦泉」的特點，近年來浮現的「台灣閩南語普通腔」受到矚目，然而對於若干音類的普通腔變體，學者的推測或有不一致之處，且對於「漳泉濫」──方言混雜的音類鮮少有進一步的討論。由於前人研究認為南部混合腔閩南語最接近普通腔，洪惟仁 (1992)Ang, Ui-jin (洪惟仁). 1992. Taiwan fangyan zhilü 台灣方言之旅. Taipei: Avanguard Book. 也曾認為台東市閩南語是優勢音的具體存在，本文透過屏東市及台東市兩個混合腔閩南語的社會方言調查，分析前人對普通腔變體推測不一的〈毛扛_白〉、〈杯稽_白〉、〈箴箴_文〉類之具體表現；並剖析非單一變體勝出、呈現漳泉混雜之音類的不同樣貌。本文亦探討〈居居〉類的文白分讀以及〈青更_白〉類漳音[ẽ]多、泉音[ĩ]少的融合，並分析少數音類的個別詞彙有異於整個音類的特殊表現。語言因素、社會因素、社會心理因素都影響台灣混合腔閩南語漳泉混雜樣態之形成。

Under the long-term contact between the Zhangzhou and Quanzhou dialects, Taiwanese Hokkien exhibits characteristics of being “neither purely Zhangzhou nor Quanzhou, yet both Zhangzhou and Quanzhou.” In recent years, the emergence of the “General Taiwanese” has attracted attention. However, scholars’ predictions regarding certain phonological variants within this accent sometimes differ, and little discussion has been devoted to “Zhang-Quan Hybridization”—the phonological mixing of dialects. Previous studies suggest that the southern hybrid accent is the closest to the General Taiwanese, and Hong (1992) also proposed that the hybrid accent spoken in Taitung City represents the realization of prestige phonological forms. This study conducts a sociolinguistic survey of hybrid accents in Pingtung City and Taitung City to analyze how specific phonological categories—such as the “Mao/Gang _colloquial毛扛_白”, “Bei/Ji _colloquial杯稽_白”, and the “Zhen/Zhen _literary箴箴_文” rhyme groups manifest in reality, addressing discrepancies in previous predictions about their general accent variants. Additionally, it examines the different patterns of phonological categories where no single variant dominates, resulting in a mix of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou features. This study also explores the literary-colloquial reading distinction in the “Ju/Ju 居居” rhyme group and the fusion of the “Qing/Geng _colloquial 青更_白” rhyme group, where Zhangzhou [ẽ] appears more frequently than Quanzhou [ĩ]. Furthermore, it analyzes how certain individual words within a phonological category exhibit unique pronunciations that deviate from the overall category. Linguistic factors, social factors, and sociopsychological factors all play a role in shaping the Zhang-Quan mixing patterns in the hybrid accents in Taiwanese Hokkien.