Cover not available

Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 26:3 (2025) ► pp.553–594

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload EPUB

閩南方言中「遘」的語法化與主觀化

以永春方言為例

ORCiD logo with link | Sun Yat-sen University
ORCiD logo with link | Sun Yat-sen University
Open Access logo
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 21 April 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00205.yan
抽象
閩南方言中的「遘」除了做動詞、補語、補語標記外，還可充當副詞、主觀大量標記、連詞等，是一個多功能詞。其中，趨向補語、補語標記等的演變，主要與「遘」的詞彙義弱化、句法功能增強有關；而主觀大量標記、副詞等功能，主要與語用義強化，語音形式固化有關。對上述功能進行全面描寫，能夠為重構「遘」的演變過程提供合理的依據，並觀察到語法化與主觀化對「遘」的句法語義所起的作用。
Abstract
The grammaticalization and subjectivization of kau in Southern Min dialect: Taking Yongchun Dialect as an example
In Southern Min dialect, the word kau can serve not only as a verb, complement, and complement marker, but also as an adverb, a marker of subjective large quantity, a conjunction, etc., and it is a multi-functional word. Among them, the evolution of directional complements, complement markers, etc. is mainly related to the weakening of the lexical meaning of kau and the strengthening of its syntactic function; while the functions such as the marker of subjective large quantity and adverb are mainly related to the strengthening of the pragmatic meaning and the fixation of the phonetic form. A comprehensive description of the above functions can provide a reasonable basis for reconstructing the evolution process of kau, and observe the roles played by grammaticalization and subjectivization in the syntactic and semantic aspects of kau.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.「遘」的語音形式與句法分佈
    • 2.1動詞「遘 1」
    • 2.2趨向補語「遘 2」
    • 2.3主觀大量標記「遘 3」
    • 2.4補語標記「遘 4」
    • 2.5副詞「遘 5」
    • 2.6語氣詞「遘 6」
    • 2.7從屬連詞「遘 7」
    • 2.8連詞「遘 8」
  • 3.多個「遘」的共現、連用與語音分化
  • 4.「遘」的語法化與主觀化
    • 4.1「遘」的語法化
      • 4.1.1「到達」義動詞＞趨向補語＞準動相補語
      • 4.1.2趨向補語＞補語標記
      • 4.1.3補語標記＞語氣詞
      • 4.1.4補語標記＞從屬連詞
    • 4.2「遘」的主觀化
      • 4.2.1趨向補語＞主觀大量標記
      • 4.2.2補語標記＞副詞
      • 4.2.3副詞＞連詞
  • 5.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (42)
References
Aijmer, Karin. 1997. I think — an English modal particle. In Swan, Toril & Westvik, Olaf Jansen (eds.), Modality in Germanic languages: Historical and comparative perspectives, 1–48. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Lian jun (陳練軍). 2008. The diachronic development of the grammatical function of Dao 「到」語法功能的歷時發展. Zhoukou Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao 周口師範學院學報 2008(3). 134–138.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Weirong. 2020. A grammar of Southern Min: The Hui’an dialect. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Xiaojin (陳曉錦). 1993. Dongguan fangyan shuolüe 東莞方言說略. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Zhenyu (陳振宇). 2016. Hanyu de xiaoju yu juzi 漢語的小句與句子. Shanghai: Fudan University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dong, Xiufang (董秀芳). 2010. Quantity and emphasis 量與強調. In Xu, Dan (徐丹) (ed.), Liang yu fushu de yanjiu: Zhongguo jingnei yuyan de kuashikong kaocha 量與複數的研究：中國境內語言的跨時空考察, 312–328. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Feng, Aizhen (馮愛珍). 1993. Fuqing fangyan yanjiu 福清方言研究. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy. 1971. Historical syntax and synchronic morphology: An archaeologist’s field trip. In Chicago Linguistic Society (ed.), CLS 7: Papers from the Seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: April 16–18, 19711, 394–415. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1979. On understanding grammar. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gu, Feng (谷峰). 2015. Is dou a modal adverb in the Eastern Han Dynasty? 「都」在東漢有沒有語氣副詞的用法？ Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2015(3). 230–239.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Claudi, Ulrike & Hünnemeyer, Friederike. 1991. Grammaticalization: A conceptual framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania. 2012. World lexicon of grammaticalization 語法化的世界詞庫. Beijing:World Publishing Corporation Press. (Translated by Long, Haiping (龍海平) & Gu, Fei (谷峰) & Xiao, Xiaoping (肖小平); Origianlly pulished in 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J. & Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2003. Grammaticalization. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huang, Yanxuan (黃燕旋) & Wen, Dongfang (溫東芳). 2022. The multifunctionality and grammaticalization of tioʔ 5 in Jieyang Min dialect: Also on the language contact of Min and Hakka in Eastern Guangdong 粵東閩語揭陽方言「著[tioʔ5]」的多功能性及其語法化：兼論粵東閩客接觸現象. Language and Linguistics 語言暨語言學 23(3). 411–450.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中國社會科學院語言研究所) & Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中國社會科學院民族學與人類學研究所) & Language Information Science Research Center, City University of Hong Kong (香港城市大學語言資訊科學研究中心) (eds.). 2012. Language atlas of China: Hanyu fangyan juan 中國語言地圖集：漢語方言卷. 2nd edn. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kwok, Bit-Chee (郭必之). 2009. An example of contact-induced grammaticalization ─ The origins and division of labor of three complement markers in the She language 語言接觸誘發語法化的實例——論畲語三個補語標記的來源和分工. Language and Linguistics 語言暨語言學 10(1). 59–92.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kwok, Bit-Chee (郭必之) & Lin, Huayong (林華勇). 2012. The origin and development of the post-verbal “dǎo” in Lianjiang Yue: A language contact perspective 廉江粵語動詞後置成分「倒」的來源和發展 ──從語言接觸的角度為切入點. Language and Linguistics 語言暨語言學 13(2). 289–320.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lehmann, Christian. 1985. Grammaticalization: Synchronic variation and diachronic change. Lingua e stile 201. 303–318.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Rulong (李如龍). 2001. Minnan fangyan de jiegou zhuci 閩南方言的結構助詞. Yuyan Yanjiu 語言研究 2001(2). 48–56.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. Minnan fangyan yufa yanjiu 閩南方言語法研究. Fuzhou: Fujian People’s Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lin, Liantong (林連通). 1995. Fujian yongchun fangyan de shubushi 福建永春方言的述補式. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 1995(6). 455–460.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Liu, Danqing (劉丹青) (ed.). 2008. A handbook for grammatical investigation and research 語法調查研究手冊. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2019. New destination of the grammaticalization of dao: The marker of conditionals and subjective plenty in Wujiang Tongli dialect 「到」字語法化的新去向：吳江同裡話的條件標記及主觀大量標記「到」. Yuwen Yanjiu 語文研究 2019(2). 1–7.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lü, Xiaoling (呂曉玲). 2010. The duplicate of the complement maker gou in the Na’an dialect in Fujian province 福建南安方言補語標記 「遘」的連用現象. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2010(2). 187–190.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Norde, Muriel. 2009. Degrammaticalization. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ou, Sujing (歐蘇靖). 2021. A study on subjective maximum degree adverbs in Ancient Chinese 上古漢語主觀極量級程度副詞研究. Guangxi Daxue Xuebao 廣西大學學報 2021(5). 76–84.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Peng, Rui (彭睿). 2008. On the interaction between critical context and grammaticaliazing elements 「臨界環境—語法化項」關係芻議. Yuyan Kexue 語言科學 2008(3). 278–290.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Qi, Huanyu (齊環玉). 2020. “Source dialect” and formation of Malaysian Mandarin in the perspective of the complement marker “dao” 「源方言」與馬來西亞華語的形成——以補語標記「到」為例. Yunnan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 雲南師範大學學報 2020(2). 73–83.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shen, Jiaxuan (沈家煊). 2001. A survey of studies on subjectivity and subjectivisation 語言的「主觀性」和「主觀化」. Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 外語教學與研究 2001(4). 268–275.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shi, Qisheng (施其生). 1996. Shantou fangyan de jizhong jushi 汕頭方言的幾種句式. In Shi, Qisheng (施其生) (ed.), Fanyan lungao 方言論稿, 152–162. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1995. Subjectification in grammaticalisation. In Stein, Dieter & Wright, Susan (eds.), Subjectivity and subjectivisation: Linguistic perspectives, 31–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tsao, Feng-fu (曹逢甫). 2006. On grammaticalization cycle 語法化輪回的研究——以漢語鼻音尾/鼻化小稱詞為例. Hanyu Xuebao 漢語學報 2006(2). 2–15.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wu, Fuxiang (吳福祥). 2001. Origin of some markers of stative complements in the Southern Chinese dialects (I) 南方方言幾個狀態補語標記的來源（一）. Fangyan 方言 2001(4). 344–354.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. Origin of some markers of stative complements in the Southern Chinese dialects (part II) 南方方言幾個狀態補語標記的來源（二）. Fangyan 方言 2002(1). 24–34.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2017. Antigrammaticalization in Chinese dialects 漢語方言中的若干逆語法化現象. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2017(3). 259–276.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2019. Semantic change and subjectification 語義演變與主觀化. Minzu Yuwen 民族語文 2019(5). 3–13.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2020. Some thoughts on the study of Chinese grammaticalization 漢語語法化研究的幾點思考. Hanyu Xuebao 漢語學報 2020(3). 10–15.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yuan, Yulin (袁毓林). 2005. A new explanation of the semantic function and association direction of dou 「都」的語義功能和關聯方向新解. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2005(2). 99–109.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Jianjun (張健軍). 2021. A unified account on the semantics of dou: Maximal quantity of event 「都」語義的統一刻畫：事態的極量. Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 語言教學與研究 2021(1). 55–66.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Min (張敏). 2010. The postverbal constraint as a geographical continuum 「動後限制」的區域推移及其實質. (Paper presented at International Symposium on Chinese Language Comparison and Typological Research, Hong Kong, 8–9 May 2010.)
Zhang, Yisheng (張誼生). 2005. On the grammaticalization and subjectivisation of the adverb dou 副詞「都」的語法化與主觀化——兼論「都」的表達功用和內部分類. Xuzhou Shifan Daxue Xuebao 徐州師範大學學報 2005(1). 56–62.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014. The new complement marker dao in contemporary Chinese 試論當代漢語新興的補語標記「到」. Dangdai Yuyanxue 當代語言學 2014(1). 49–61.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue