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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 26:3 (2025) ► pp.467–495

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粵語位移事件編碼類型再探

 | South China University of Technology
 | Jiangsu Normal University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 17 March 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00202.sha
抽象的
功能範疇的形式編碼是語言類型學研究的主要課題，它探討人類語言對同一範疇在不同語言中的編碼形式，從中發現編碼的共性與個性。本文首先論證粵語動趨式與普通話的不同，屬於連動式而不是動補結構，然後描寫粵語有生自移事件、無生位移事件和致移事件的三種編碼形式：(1)單個動詞編碼、(2)連動式、(3)「動結式」動補結構。參照Slobin的理論框架，通過近代和現代語料確定粵語在位移事件編碼上屬於V-語言為主的類型，也有E-語言的特點，向S-語言的轉變不明顯，V-語言與E-語言的編碼特點都體現了粵語是路徑顯著語言。語料還提示，語體的變異對位移編碼形式有影響，不同趨向動詞語法化速度不同。最後提出粵語動後限制少、容量大與其典型的VO語序有關，前者直接導致粵語動詞語法化程度低，使一部分位移事件表現為E-語言的編碼特點。
Abstract
Revisiting the encoding typology of motion events in Cantonese
This paper examines the encoding typology of motion events in Cantonese, focusing on the formal encoding of functional categories. It argues, first of all, that the construction of verb-directional verb in Cantonese is different from Mandarin usage, which should be regarded as a serial verb construction rather than a verb-complement construction. Second, three types of encoding forms in terms of self-agentive motion, non-agentive motion, and agentive motion events are identified as: (1) single verb constructions, (2) serial verb constructions, or (3) verb-resultative complement constructions, respectively. According to Slobin’s theoretical framework, as well as corpus data from early and modern spoken Cantonese, the Cantonese language predominantly exhibits the characteristics of a verb-framed language (S-language), combining features of an equipollently-framed language (E-language), but has characteristics of a satellite-framed language (S-language) least of all. This tells us that Cantonese is a PATH salient language, vis-à-vis Mandarin which underwent a typological shift from V-language to S-language. The corpus data also indicate that variations in speech style and differences in the grammaticalization speed of directional verbs have had an impact on the encoding forms of motion events. Finally, this paper explains how having fewer post-verbal restrictions and more post-verbal syntactic positions available are the result of a more typically SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order in Cantonese, which then leads to an insufficient grammaticalization of verbs, which in turn results in Cantonese having the encoding features of an equipollently-framed language.
Article outline
  • 1.研究背景
  • 2.本文研究的問題
  • 3.粵語和普通話的動趨式是否同質？
    • 3.1粵語的趨向動詞
    • 3.2簡單動趨式
    • 3.3複合動趨式
    • 3.4討論
  • 4.粵語位移事件的編碼形式
    • 4.1粵語自移事件的編碼形式
    • 4.2粵語致移事件的編碼形式
    • 4.3位移事件編碼形式在現代粵語口語語料中的分佈
  • 5.近代粵語和現代粵語的位移事件結構有無類型演變？
  • 6.粵語位移事件類型特徵的成因
  • 7.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (57)
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