論上古漢語副詞的全稱量化與相關問題

本文主要是探討上古漢語副詞的全稱量化功能的問題。所涉及的副詞有「皆、咸、俱、盡、悉、具」等六個，其中較為深入探討的為「皆、俱、盡、悉、具」等五個。本文所探討的議題主要有三；一，這些副詞所約束的語法成分為何？二，這些副詞的性質與功能為何？三，這些副詞使用上的限制與其來源動詞間的關連為何？第二個議題是本文的中心議題，在這個議題上本文得到如下的結論：｢俱」不能算是具有全稱量化的功能。至於「皆、盡、悉、具」等雖然不能說沒有全稱量化的功能，但是這些副詞的全稱量化功能是次生的，是由這些副詞的主要功能或核心義衍生出來的。

This paper mainly discusses the Old Chinese adverbs regarded by Harbsmeier (1981)Harbsmeier, Christoph. 1981. Aspects of classical Chinese syntax. London and Malmö: Curzon Press. as universal quantifiers. The adverbs involved are jie (皆), xian2 (咸), ju4 (俱), jin4 (盡), xi (悉), and ju4 (具), of which the more in-depth discussion are jie (皆), ju4 (俱), jin (盡), xi (悉), and ju4 (具). There are three main issues discussed in this paper: (1) What grammatical constituents do these adverbs bind? (2) What are the nature and function of these adverbs? (3) What is the connection between the restrictions on the use of these adverbs and the verbs as their sources? The second issue is the central issue of this paper, for which the main conclusion is as follows: ju4 (俱) cannot be regarded as a universal quantifier. As for the adverbs jie (皆), jin4 (盡), xi (悉), and ju4 (具), they do indeed have the feature of universal quantification, but this feature is secondary, being derived from the main function or core meaning of these characters.