從連類複數到真性複數

Daniel & Moravcsik (2005)Daniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2005. The associative plural. In Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.), The world atlas of language structure (WALS), 150–153. Oxford: Oxford University Press.認為連類複數標記與真性複數標記同形的原因在於：連類複數標記由真性複數標記發展而來。本文通過對揭陽閩語的分析，證明存在另一種方向的演變路徑：連類複數標記也可發展為真性複數標記。揭陽閩語中來源於第三人稱代詞複數形式「伊儂」（他們）的複數標記具有雙重標記身份，既可用作連類複數標記後附於指人專有名詞，也可用作真性複數標記後附於指人普通名詞。「伊儂」由連類複數標記演變為真性複數標記的關鍵在於：「親屬類普通名詞+複數標記」結構中的親屬稱謂具有雙重屬性，使得連類複數出現了可分析為真性複數的橋樑語境，「伊儂」的真性複數標記身份由此獲得。本文對於兩類複數之間的關係以及複數標記的歷史演變問題，均具有較為重要的類型學意義。

Daniel & Moravcsik (2005)Daniel, Michael & Moravcsik, Edith. 2005. The associative plural. In Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.), The world atlas of language structure (WALS), 150–153. Oxford: Oxford University Press. believes that a major reason why associative plural markers have the same form as additive plural markers is that associative plural markers were developed from additive plural markers. Through an analysis of Jieyang dialect of Southern Min (Jieyang Min for short), this paper discovers that associative plural markers can also develop into additive plural markers, which is another evolutionary path. The plural marker i nang derives from the third-person pronoun i nang ‘they’ in Jieyang Min, which has a dual marker identity. It can be used as an associative marker attached to person-related proper nouns. It can also be used as an additive marker attached to person-related common nouns. The key to the evolution of i nang from an associative marker to an additive marker is that some of the kinship appellations in the {kinship-related common nouns + associative marker} possess dual attributes. Consequently, the associative structure contains an intermediate context that can be analyzed as an additive structure, from which the additive marker identity of i nang is obtained. This paper has typological significance for understanding the historical evolution of plural markers.