Cover not available

Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 25:3 (2024) ► pp.426–453

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload EPUB

江西吉水方言強調即時性的「來」及相關問題

 | Beijing Language and Culture University
Open Access logo
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Article language: Undefined

Published online: 2 July 2024
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00160.li
抽象的
文章基於吉水方言「來」的功能和句法分佈，結合周邊方言中兩種功能類型的「來」，討論吉水等方言中與即行體相關的強調標記的特點、性質和來源及其類型學意義等問題。強調即時性的「來」在吉水方言中強制與句末即行體助詞共現，可置於謂語VP或句末助詞「來哩」前，但在周邊方言中有諸多句法功能變異。文章在描寫和比較方言現象的基礎上，主張語用標記「來」源於表示意願的連謂結構「來VP」的語法化和重新分析，強調即時性的「來」與完成體助詞同現甚至自主表達即行體範疇，是功能擴展的結果，與普通話中的「了」和世界語言中相同來源的即行體有區別，具有一定的語言類型學意義。
Abstract
Imminence emphasis marker lai 來 of Jishui dialect in Jiangxi and some relevant issues
Based on the function and syntactic distributions of lai in the Jishui dialect and also concerning two kinds of functional types in other neighboring dialects, this paper explores the features, grammatical attribution, and semantic sources, plus some other issues on the pragmatic marker lai for imminence emphasis in the dialects. The marker lai in Jishui is restricted to co-occur with a proximative particle by being placed before the main predicate or just in front of the proximative particle, while it varies in function and syntactic behavior in other dialects. After a description of its functions and comparison between dialects, the article argues that the marker lai derives from motion-cum-purpose serial verb construction through grammaticalization, extension and reanalysis, resulting in the co-occurrence of marker lai with a perfect particle, and even functioning as proximative marker in some dialects. Moreover, it claims that the marker lai differs from le in mandarin and some proximative auxiliary words in the world with a similar semantic source, and deserves further exploration from a typological linguistic perspective.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.吉水方言「來」強化即行體的功能和特點
    • 2.1「來」的性質
    • 2.2「來」的句法位置
  • 3.漢語方言中的即行體強化形式「來」
    • 3.1吉水周邊贛方言中的「來」
    • 3.2客家話中的「來」
    • 3.3粵方言中的「就來」
  • 4.相關討論
    • 4.1跨方言看「來」的性質問題
    • 4.2「來」的來源和形成
    • 4.3「來」與完成體助詞共現的相關問題
    • 4.4強調即時性「來」的類型學意義
  • 5.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (38)
References
Birsel, Karakoç. 2017. Prospectives, proximatives and avertives in Noghay. In Korn, Agnes & Nevskaya, Irina (eds.), Prospective and proximative in Turkic, Iranian and beyond, 57–77. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan L. & Pagliuca, Willam & Perkins, Revere D. 1991. Back to the future, In Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Heine, Bernd (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization, vol. 21, 17–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan & Perkins, Revere & Pagliuca, Willam. 1994. The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Changyi (陳昌儀) (ed.). 2005. Jiangxisheng fangyanzhi 江西省方言志. Beijing: China Local Records Publishing.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Qianrui (陳前瑞). 2005. The development of sentence-final le to express the future 句尾「了」將來時間用法的發展. Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 語言教學與研究 2005(1). 66–73.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Qianrui (陳前瑞) & Wang, Jihong (王繼紅). 2012. From perfective aspect to immediate future: The normal and rare pathway to aspectual future 從完成體到最近將來時：類型學的罕見現象與漢語的常見現象. Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue 世界漢語教學 2012(2). 158–174.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, Qianrui (陳前瑞) & Qiu, Dejun (邱德君). 2021. The areal diversity of future tense encoding in Chinese dialects 漢語方言將來時表達的區域性探析. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2021(5). 515–528.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cinque, Guglielmo. 1993. A null theory of phrase and compound stress. Linguistic Inquiry 24(2). 239–297.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fang, Jingmin (方經民). 1994. Youguan Hanyu juzi xinxi jiegou fenxi de yixie wenti 有關漢語句子信息結構分析的一些問題. Yuwen Yanjiu 語文研究 1994(2). 39–44.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fang, Mei (方梅). 1995. Hanyu duibi jiaodian de jufa biaoxian shouduan 漢語對比焦點的句法表現手段. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 1995(4). 279–288.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 1992. Grammaticalization chains. Studies in Language 16(2). 335–368. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1994. On the genesis of aspect in African languages: The proximative. In Moore, Kevin E. & Peterson, David A. & Wentum, Comfort (eds.), Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 18–21, 1994: Special session on historical issues in African linguistics, 35–46. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Miyashita, Hiroyuki. 2008. Accounting for a functional category: German drohe ‘to threaten’. Language Sciences 2008(30). 53–101. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huang, Xiaoping (黃小平). 2016a. The delimitation of the Hakka and Gan-dialects adjacent areas: Taking Ningdu, Guangchang as an example 客贛方言毗鄰地帶的化界問題——以寧都、廣昌為例. Jiaying Xueyuan Xuebao 嘉應學院學報 2016(7). 20–23.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2016b. The character lai in Ningdu dialect 寧都方言的「來」. Longyan Xueyuan Xuebao 龍岩學院學報 34(6). 11–14.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Guilan (李桂蘭). 2019. Disyllabic volitional verb laiqu (come-go) in Jishui dialect of Jiangxi. (Manuscript.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2023. Perfect-proximative particles with morpheme lai (來) or qu (去) and their semantic changes in Sinitic languges 漢語方言完成體和即行體助詞「來（X）」「去（X）」及語義演變. Yuyanxue Luncong 語言學論叢 2023(3). 80–101.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Guilan (李桂蘭) & Wu, Fuxiang (吳福祥). 2022. Revisiting the proximative particle lai x and qu (x) 再談漢語方言即行體助詞「來X、去（X）」. Hanyu Yuyanxue 漢語語言學 31. 139–160.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2023. From desiderative verbs to proxitimative: A reoccurring pathway in Chinese dialects 從意願動詞到即行體：漢語方言中反復可見的語法化路徑. Fangyan 方言 2023(3). 257–267.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Rong (李榮) (ed.). 2002. Xiandai hanyu fangyan dacidian 現代漢語方言大詞典. Nanjing：Jiangsu Educational Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lin, Yi (林亦) & Qin, Fengyu (覃鳳餘). 2008. Guangxi Nanning fangyan baihua yanjiu 廣西南寧白話研究. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Long, Anlong (龍安隆). 2013. Yongxin fangyan yanjiu 永新方言研究. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lu, Meiyan (魯美豔). 2019. The aspect particles in Tujia language 土家語的體助詞. Guizhou Minzu Yanjiu 貴州民族研究 2019(2). 199–203.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Qu, Jianhui (瞿建慧). 2011. Xiangxi hanyu fangyan jiangxingti biaoji “lai” 湘西漢語方言將行體標記「來」. Wenshi Bolan (Lilun) 文史博覽（理論） 2011(2). 27–29.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Romaine, Suzanne. 1999. The grammaticalization of the proximative in Tok Pisin. Language 75(2). 322–346. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wang, Peiguang (王培光) & Zhang, Huiying (張惠英). 2007. On ge and de denoting perfective and continuous 說「個、的」可以表示完成、持續. Hanyu Xuebao 漢語學報 2007(1). 28–37.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wen, Zhenxing (溫振興). 2008. Shanyin fangyan qishici “hao” de shiyong tedian jiqi laiyuan 山陰方言祈使詞「好」的使用特點及其來源. In Qiao, Quansheng (喬全生) (ed.), Disanjie jinfangyan guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji 晉方言研究：第三屆晉方言國際學術研討會論文集, 297–303. Taiyuan: Xiwang Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wu, Kaibin (吳開斌). 1997. Xiangganghua cidian 香港話詞典. Guangzhou: Flower City Publishing House.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yu, Jinzhi (余金枝). 2010. Aizhai miaoyu cankao yufa 矮寨苗語參考語法. Beijing: Minzu University of China. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Zeng, Yiping (曾毅平). 1998. Grammatical studies of Shicheng (Longgang) Hakka 石城（龍崗）客家方言語法研究. Guangzhou: Jinan University. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Zhang, Cheng (張赬). 2021. The function of the sentence-final particle lai in late Old Mandarin and its diachronic change 後期近代漢語事態助詞「來」的功能及演變. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 2021(6). 643–658.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Liping (張麗平). 2011. A grammatical study of Xinyu dialect 新餘方言語法研究. Xiamen: Xiamen University. (Master’s thesis.)
Zhang, Shuangqing (張雙慶) & Wan, Bo (萬波). 1996. Ganyu Nancheng fangyan guquanzhuo shangshengzi jindu de kaocha 贛語南城方言古全濁上聲字今讀的考察. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 1996(5). 345–354.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Tao (張桃). 2004. A grammatical study of Ninghua Hakka 寧化客家方言語法研究. Xiamen: Xiamen University. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Zhang, Yujiang (張雨江). 2007. On grammaticalization in the Lahu language 拉祜話語法研究. Minzu Yuwen 民族語文 2007(2). 32–40.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhao, Changcai (趙長才). 2000. Hanyu shubu jiegou de lishi yanjiu 漢語述補結構的歷時研究. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue