甘青語言區域漢語副動詞附綴「是」

副動詞作為甘青語言區域的重要特徵之一，廣泛分佈在甘青漢語中。雖然學者對它的語義、形態和句法特徵進行了描寫，以及確認此現象並非漢語內部創新，乃經由接觸而來，但對它的語法性質卻定性不準，且未描寫它在限定性、指稱轉換和預指照應等方面的特徵。本文以副動詞「是」為例，基於類型學視角，探討它的形態句法特徵，並詳細考察它的語法化過程，認為它兼有接觸引發的語法演變中「語法借用」和「語法複製」兩種類型特質。本文否定副動詞「是」的藏語拷貝說，而支持它來自阿勒泰類型語言。在區域特徵推移上，副動詞和連動結構在亞洲大陸上呈現明顯的地理互補分佈格局。

As one of the important features of the Gan-Qing linguistic area, converb is widely detected in Gan-Qing Chinese dialects. Although scholars have described its semantic, morphological, and syntactic features, and confirmed that this phenomenon is not an internal innovation of Chinese but a result of language contact, they have neither determined its grammatical category nor described its features such as finiteness, switch reference, and cataphora. This paper discusses the morphological and syntactic features of the converb Shi「是」 from the perspective of typology and studies its grammaticalization in detail. It is argued that the converb Shi belongs to the “construction replication” subsumed within contact-induced grammaticalization, and that it comes from Altaic rather than having been replicated from Tibetic languages. In the evolution of areal features, converbs and serial verb constructions represent explicit geographical complementary distribution on the Asian continent.