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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 24:3 (2023) ► pp.502–514

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上聲來源(< -ʔ)新證

 | Cornell University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

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Published online: 10 July 2023
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00138.mei
抽象的
本文說明(1)「尾、𤈦、苦、雨、九、子、犬、乳、屎、邇」這10個上聲字在藏緬語(Chepang, Lushai)的同源詞帶著-ʔ。由此可見上古漢語的上聲來自漢藏語的*-ʔ。(2)上古漢語的「虎」字*khlaʔ以及古緬語的klaʔ（老虎）都是借自孟高棉語(Mon-Khmer)*klaʔ（老虎）。*klaʔ的-ʔ就是漢語「虎」字上聲的來源。
Final *-ʔ as the source of Chinese rising tone (tone B): Some Tibeto-Burman evidence
This paper shows that 10 Chinese words in rising tone (tone B) have cognates with final -ʔ in Tibeto-Burman languages (Tiddim, Lushai, Chepang), which proves that final *-ʔ is the source of rising tone (tone B) in Chinese. These 10 words are 尾 wěi ‘tail’, 𤈦 hǔi ‘fire’, 苦 kǔ ‘bitter’, 雨 yǔ ‘rain’, 九 jiǔ ‘nine’, 子 zǐ ‘child’, 犬 quǎn ‘dog’, 乳 rǔ ‘breast’, 屎 shǐ ‘excrement’, and 邇 ěr ‘near’.
In addition, this paper shows that the word for ‘tiger’ in Proto-Mon-Khmer is *klaʔ, and this word, when borrowed into Old Chinese, became 虎 *khlaʔ and the final -ʔ in PMK klaʔ became tone B in hǔ 虎 ‘tiger’.
Article outline
  • 1.
    • 1.1例4.「雨」
    • 1.2例8「糞便(excrement)」
    • 1.3例10「邇(near)」
  • 2.補遺
  • 3.結語
  • 4.後記
  • 參考文獻
References (21)
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