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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 24:3 (2023) ► pp.469–501

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再談漢語「是」字句及幾類相關結構的語義

 | Fudan University
 | Zhejiang University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Article language: Undefined

Published online: 10 July 2023
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00137.che
抽象的
本文通過兩項實證性的研究，再談漢語分裂式「是」句及幾類相關結構的語義。研究發現(i)不同於Paul, Waltraud & Whitman, John. 2008. Shi…de focus clefts in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistic Review 25(3–4). 413–451. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar、Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen. 2008. Deconstructing the shì…de construction. The Linguistic Review 25(3–4). 235–266. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar等分析，句首、句中「是」字句以及「是」字句和「是……的」結構在焦點標記方式和窮盡性的表達等分裂句相關語義屬性上具有一致性，因此應該進行統一化的處理。(ii)分裂式「是」字句的核心語義表達唯一性識別，其預設焦點候選項集合中有且只有一個唯一為真的候選項並斷言其自身表達的命題(prejacent)為真。「是」字句的窮盡性來自於預設和斷言共同作用下的語義推理，而對比性則來自於語篇在此基礎上的進一步限制作用。(iii)「是」字句同幾類相關結構（如斷言命題句，真值焦點句等等）具有共同的語義內核，即表達唯一性識別，而其區別則主要來自於各類句型中焦點成分屬性的不同。這樣的分析不但有助於更精確的語言事實描寫，也可以幫助我們更加系統化的理解漢語分裂句系統。
The semantics of Mandarin shi-clefts revisited
Based on two experiments investigating the focus assignment patterns and the exhaustivity interpretation of bare shi and shi…de clefts, this paper re-examines the semantics of Mandarin shi clefts and some of their related structures. It is argued that (i) contra Paul, Waltraud & Whitman, John. 2008. Shi…de focus clefts in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistic Review 25(3–4). 413–451. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen. 2008. Deconstructing the shì…de construction. The Linguistic Review 25(3–4). 235–266. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, and many previous studies, sentence-initial and sentence-medial shi and shi…de share the same focus assignment pattern and face the same exhaustivity condition, and therefore should be analyzed on a par; (ii) the core semantics of shi-clefts is to realize the unique identification. More specifically, it presupposes that there is one and only one alternative that is true in the pre-exhaustified alternative set while asserting its prejacent to be true. Exhaustivity should be viewed as a kind of semantic inference derived from the presupposition and assertion contents together while contrastivity further calls for a contextually salient alternative q; and (iii) shi clefts and their related structures, for example propositional assertion patterns, verum focus sentences, etc., share the same core semantics. Their different interpretations should be traced back to the different properties of their alternative sets. The paper offers not only a more detailed description of the relevant data but also deepens our understanding towards the system of Mandarin clefts.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.分類處理的語義依據
    • 2.1句首「是」和句中「是」
    • 2.2「是」字句和「是……的」結構
  • 3.實證研究
    • 3.1「是」與「是……的」的焦點標記方式相同
      • 3.1.1理論背景
      • 3.1.2實驗設計
      • 3.1.3結果討論
    • 3.2「是」與「是……的」的窮盡性相同
      • 3.2.1理論背景
      • 3.2.2實驗設計
      • 3.2.3結果討論
    • 3.3小結
  • 4.「是」字句、相關結構與唯一性識別
    • 4.1「是」字句的語義分析
      • 4.1.1「是」與唯一性識別
      • 4.1.2「是」的語義推導
      • 4.1.3窮盡性的屬性
    • 4.2「是」字句語義的一致性
    • 4.3「是」、「是……的」和「的」字句
  • 5.總論
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
References (47)
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