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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 24:2 (2023) ► pp.302–324

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From reciprocity to competition

Subjectification of reciprocal pronouns in Korean

 | Gyeongsang National University
 | Seoul National University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 9 April 2023
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00132.jen
Abstract
Korean has a reciprocal pronoun that under certain conditions takes on an innovative function as a marker of competition. This meaning emerges when the marker is used in reported speech containing a predicate expressing volition, intention, or speaker-orientation. In such contexts, the marker is reanalysed as co-referential with competing subsets of subject referents. The final stage is the extension of the competition marker to simple clauses and predicates. The empirical part of this research is based on a survey with 23 native speakers. The shift from a reciprocal pronoun to a competition marker will be analysed as an instance of subjectification. The innovative use as a competition marker has led to additional distributional differences between the simple use of the marker and its reduplicated form. The situation in Korean is comparable to that in Japanese, Bulgarian, and Karachay-Balkar, and mirrors the polysemy pattern found in Tuvaluan. This is the first typological study of the relevant domain in Korean, and will be a valuable addition to the list of available studies on reciprocity and subjectification.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Reciprocal pronouns in Korean and their uses
    • 2.1The three reciprocal markers of Korean
    • 2.2Symmetrical relations
    • 2.3Reciprocal relations between groups
    • 2.4Collective relations
    • 2.5Sequential relations
  • 3.Semantic extension: Reflexive, reciprocal, and competitive meanings
    • 3.1Ambiguous uses between reflexive and reciprocal
    • 3.2Towards an exclusive interpretation as competition marker
  • 4.Theoretical perspectives: Subjectification and reanalysis
  • 5.Typological perspectives
    • 5.1Cross-linguistic variation
    • 5.2Intra-linguistic variation I: Other reciprocal pronouns
    • 5.3Intra-linguistic variation II: Reduplication of selo
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
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