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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 23:3 (2022) ► pp.521–568

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上古漢語「且」的來源及發展

 | National Tsing Hua University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

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Published online: 13 July 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00114.yew
抽象的
本文從字詞對應關係切入，探討上古漢語遞進標記「且」與未來時標記「且」之關係，提出二者屬於同音同形字，來源並不相同。前者源自「」的篇章指示用法，而後者則由表前往之動詞「徂」虛化而成。遞進標記「且」其基本功能為註記「與此同時還有另一需要注意的事況」，後來又發展出註記「超乎預期」的轉折標記與註記「說話人還要提供更多、更進一步訊息」的追加標記。未來時標記「且」其基本功能是註記「行為或事況發生在參照點之後」，後來又發展出註記「選擇關係」的選擇標記。二者循著各自的演變路徑發展。
On the sources and developments of qie 且 in Old Chinese
This paper investigates the grammaticalization of qiě 且, showing two different sources for its two major functions in Old Chinese. One is to indicate that there is something following that requires more attention, whereas the other is to locate a situation posterior to the time reference. We trace the origins of the character qiě 且 that serves the above functions, and conclude that they are homonyms, namely words with an identical sound and graphic form, yet with different meanings. This paper further suggests that the additive marker qiě 且 was grammaticalized from the textual deixis usage of cuó and later served as an adversative marker and a discourse marker. On the other hand, the future marker qiě 且 was grammaticalized from the verb cú 徂 and later turned into an alternative marker.
Article outline
  • 1.前言
  • 2.文獻回顧
    • 2.1「且」的功能及演變
    • 2.2「且」與「將」之比較
  • 3.「且1」與「且2」的來源
    • 3.1相關語義或功能的字詞對應
    • 3.2從指示到遞進「且1」
    • 3.3從前往到未來「且2」
  • 4.1的語義功能及其發展
    • 4.11的語義功能與用法
    • 4.2從遞進到轉折
    • 4.3從遞進到追加
  • 5.2的語義功能及其發展
    • 5.12的語義功能與用法
    • 5.2從未來時到選擇
  • 6.結語
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
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