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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 21:3 (2020) ► pp.467–511

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潮陽地區四降調系統的變異及演化

 | Foshan University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

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Article language: Chinese

Published online: 16 July 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00068.zha
抽象
本文在地域上將粵東潮陽地區分為郊區與中心區，基於陰上調的讀音差異，將發音人區分為老派和新派，通過詳細考察這「兩區四派」共81位發音人的聲調材料，發現該地區的聲調在地域及年齡上的共時變異可用兩條鏈式演化加以解釋：一是陰上調的槽形鏈移，陰上由高緩降演變為高平（或中平），繼而演變為微升（或高升）；二是陰上、陽去、陰平參與的拉鏈鏈移，該鏈移由陰上的變化啟動，利用聲調的人際差異可確定聲調的演化方向。本文還以潮陽郊區方言23位老派發音人為例，分析其聲調系統中四個降調的對立實質，發現斜率是兩個高降調（高緩降與高直降）的最主要的區別特徵，時長則是重要的伴隨特徵。潮陽地區四降調系統的演化過程體現了漢語方言聲調發展的一個趨勢，即朝著曲拱對立更為豐富的格局發展。
Variations and evolutions of the four-falling-tone system in the Chaoyang area
The Chaoyang area in eastern Guangdong Province can be further divided into the suburban area and the central area. Based on the phonetic representation of Yinshang (T2a), 81 informants in these two areas are identified as old-styled speakers and new-styled speakers, respectively. The age-related differences and geographical variations can be accounted for by two tonal chain shifts: one is the groove chain shift of Yinshang (T2a), in which T2a has changed from a high convex falling tone to a high level tone (or middle level tone), and subsequently a rising tone; the other is the pull chain shift involving Yinping (T1a), Yinshang (T2a) and Yangqu (T3b), whose initiator is T2a. The direction of this pull chain shift is determined by the tonal variations of different speakers. The features of four falling tones are discussed on the basis of the firsthand acoustic data of 23 older speakers in the suburban area. We argue that slope is the main distinct feature of the two high falling tones, with length an important supplementary feature. The evolution trend of the four-falling-tone system in the Chaoyang area is towards the system with diversified pitch contours.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.潮陽「兩區四派」的聲調模式
  • 3.陰上調的槽形鏈移
    • 3.1潮陽郊區四個降調的對立
    • 3.2陰上調在年齡及地域上的變異
    • 3.3槽形鏈移
  • 4.潮陽中心區新派的聲調變異及演化
    • 4.1棉城型：拉鏈還是推鏈？
    • 4.2達濠型：如何處理陰平與陽去的對立？
  • 5.結論：潮陽地區四降調系統演化的啟示
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
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