從邪牀禪母讀音與古江東方言

本文首先分析今北部吳語從邪澄牀（崇船）禪等聲母讀音，指出這些聲母讀擦音是吳語固有讀音層（白讀），讀塞擦音是以後杭州半官話覆蓋層（文讀）；然後再分析這些聲母在南部吳語裡的情形，發現與北部吳語大致相同，只是白讀讀擦音的不包括澄母。作者認為從邪崇船禪讀擦音是直接繼承了《顏氏家訓—音辭篇》裡所說的江東方言從邪不分、牀（崇船）禪不分的特點，據此本文提出鑒別南朝江東方言的一個語音特徵：從邪崇船禪母都讀擦音。以此鑒別特徵為依據，本文再考察了北部吳語、南部吳語、江淮官話、徽語、閩語等方言相關聲母的讀音，指出吳語（不包括杭州話）、徽語嚴州片是古江東方言的範圍。不過這些地區的方言歷經一千多年的語言接觸和自身演變，也覆蓋著來自中原權威官話和地區權威話的塞擦音文讀層次。塞擦音文讀層與擦音白讀層互相競爭，此消彼長，使得這些方言裡讀塞擦音還是擦音「一處一個樣，一筆糊塗賬」。

First, this paper analyzes the pronunciations of the cong xie cheng and chuang initials of Middle Chinese in modern-day Northern Wu. It is the author’s opinion that the fricative reading corresponding to these initials of MC is the original reading in the Wu dialects (i.e. the colloquial reading), while the affricate reading (i.e. the literary reading), arrived later from the Hangzhou dialect. Same situation holds for present-day Southern Wu, excluding the MC cheng initial. Second, the author points out that the nature of the fricative reading corresponding to these initials of MC is one of the most important characteristics of the Jiangdong dialects during the Southern Dynasty, which is exactly what the Yanshi Jiaxun tells us. Therefore, finally, based on the above analysis, the author posits that Wu (excluding the Hangzhou dialect) and the Yanzhou subgroup of Hui are the direct successors of the Old Jiangdong dialects. Later on the affricate (literary) reading, coming from Central Plain Mandarin, covered the whole area of Wu and Hui. The two readings were then in competition, making the situation more complex: the same character could be read with either fricative or affricate initial, depending on locale in the Wu and Hui areas.