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Article published In: Language and Linguistics
Vol. 19:3 (2018) ► pp.473–499

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從幾種語法現象透視晉語對元白話的繼承和發展 (Research into the inheritance and development of Jin dialects on vernacular in Yuan Dynasty from several grammatical phenomena)

 | South China Normal UniversityShaanxi Normal University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

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Article language: Chinese

Published online: 4 July 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00017.xin
抽象
本文通過三種語法現象來觀察晉語對元白話語法的繼承和發展。1.「來」表商請語氣：古代漢語、近代漢語中「來」表商請語氣的主要句式為「VP+去+來」，部分晉語繼承了元白話的用法，並發展了「咱每+VP+來」格式。2.「V/A+得來+補語」結構與提頓詞「來」：元白話用「V/A+得來+補語」結構表達動作的結果和性狀達到極高的程度，晉語不僅保留了這種格式，還同吳語一樣發展出了「V/A+得來」的隱含式。晉語之所以能夠發展出「V/A+得來+補語」結構，其更大的背景是「來」大量充當提頓詞的用法。3.「V將來/去」結構：晉語的特點是趨向動詞只有「來、去」，甚或只有「來」，沒有「V+將+複合趨向補語」，保留了元代乃至五代時期的特點。4. 其他語法特點：用表格形式臚列了 9 條晉語與元白話可能存在繼承關係的語法現象，同 《原本老乞大》 進行簡單對比。
Abstract
Research into the inheritance and development of Jin dialects on vernacular in Yuan Dynasty from several grammatical phenomena
This essay examines the inheritance and development of three grammatical phenomena from Yuan vernacular to Jin dialects. (1) In Ancient Chinese and Mandarin, 來 is used to express ‘consultation & request’ in the construction {VP+去+來}. Certain Jin dialects, on the other hand, inherited and developed the Yuan vernacular pattern {咱每+VP+來}. (2) In Yuan vernacular, {V/A+得 來+Complement} expressed the result of an action and a much higher degree of quality. Jin dialects not only preserved this structure, but also developed the embedded structure {V/A+得來}, as did Wu dialects. Because 來 was a common topic marker, Jin dialects developed the structure {V/A+得來+ Complement}. (3) {V將來/去}: In the Jin dialects, only 來, 去 can be directional verbs; there is no such structure as {V+將+Dp-Dd}. Thus have been preserved characteristics from the Yuan Dynasty to the Wudai period. (4) Nine further examples of possible Jin dialect retention of Yuan vernacular are tabulated and comparisons drawn from the Yuanben Laoqida 《原本老乞大》.
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.表商請的祈使語氣詞「來」
    • 2.1現代晉語的用法
    • 2.2歷時演變的狀況
    • 2.3「來」表商請語氣的發展
  • 3.「V/A+得來+補語」結構與提頓詞「來」
    • 3.1現代晉語的用法
    • 3.2「V/A+得來+補語」結構的傳承與「來」作提頓詞
  • 4.「V將來/去」結構
    • 4.1現代晉語的用法
    • 4.2晉語的用法對元白話的繼承與發展
    • 4.3對兩種特殊現象的解釋
  • 5.其他語法特點
  • 6.餘論
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
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