In:Style, Rhetoric and Creativity in Language: In memory of Walter (Bill) Nash (1926-2015)
Edited by Paul Simpson
[Linguistic Approaches to Literature 34] 2019
► pp. 199–205
Subject index
Published online: 28 November 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.34.ind2
https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.34.ind2
A
- adverbiality30
- advertisements2, 32, 66, 72, 163
- aesthetic design2, 33, 37
- agony aunt columns2
- airport fiction24
- alliteration22, 32
- stress patterns78, 82
- ambiguity63, 151
- ambivalence 52–3
- anecdotes29, 157, 166
- Anglo-Saxon poetry
- Auden, influence on77, 80
- Exeter book riddles and poems 81–3
- heroism, theme of 82–3
- metrical schemes5
- monks and religious culture83
- phonology and rhetoric5, 77
- prosody34
- riddles, importance of82
- social concerns25
- social history25, 33
- stress patterns82
- warmth of34
- annihilation25
- anthropomorphisation49
- antithesis32
- antonymy181
- apostrophes 91–3
- appreciation
- of literary texts101, 110
- artificial intelligence (AI)163
- assonance22, 32
- asyndeton 31–2
- attractors37,
47–8
- character description and50
- cognitive-poetic view of48
- mental47
- audience
- awareness of31
- representation of 62–3
- Australia52
- authority
- concept of 27–8
B
- banter172
- bathos116
- bet-sensitivity 140–1
- biblical stories
- Book of Genesis59, 65, 66–8 ; , 71see also religion
- BNC (British National Corpus)150
- ‘bodice rippers’24
- body language143
- broad truth conditions173
C
- calor cogitationis 11–12 , 23, 25–34
- Canada
- irony, pragmatics of172
- CANCODE Corpus (Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English)6,
149–68
- data 150–2 , 158, 164–7
- echoing and converging 153–4
- linguistic and literary theory 167–8
- morphological inventiveness 152–3
- pattern-reforming choices 154–5 , 158–9 , 166
- pattern-reinforcing choices 154–5 , 158–9 , 166
- punning and playing 150–2
- research155see also literary language
- capitalism 72–3
- caricature6, 127–8 , 131, 133–4 , 136, 143–4
- catasterism88, 91, 93, 100
- characterisation46
-
Cheating at Canasta
101–10
- internal text-world variation 108–10
- speech presentation 105–8
- stylistic analysis 104–5
- text103
- thought presentation 108–10
- viewpoint 108–10
- Christianity 19–20 ; , 34, 124see also religious texts
- civilization83
- CNN (Cable News Network)57,
73–4
- diagrammatic taxis at 68–72
- COBUILD Corpus (Collins Birmingham University International Language Database)150
- cognition of attention47
- cognitive anthropology 158–9
- cognitive linguistics
42–4
, 48,
159–61
, 180
- cognitive discourse grammar47
- cognitive envelope110
- cognitive grammar 43–4 , 47
- cognitive poetics48, 137
- cognitive stylistics47, 137
- cognitive refreshmentSee schema refreshment
- cognitive wager160
- literary language and 159–61
- cohesion26
- cohesive devices23
- comedy163
- comic discourse 1–2
- comic frame 72–3
- social32
- stand-up 178–9 ; see also humour/humorous language
- composition1, 25
- textual2
- compound words31
- conceptual frames 180–1
- confessional poetry4, 11, 13, 21
- constructive approach23
- contradiction181
- conversational English
- casual154, 163, 167
- corpus linguistics44
- corpus stylistics44, 104, 120–2
- counter-coding strategies 172–3
- counter-factuals
130–1
- conditionals137
- creation theory142
- creative illusion25, 32–3
- creative metaphorSee metaphor
- creative writing1, 4–5 , 113–15
- creativity
113–14
,
149–55
, 165, 167
- meaning of25
- morphological 152–3 , 166
- in language 24–5
- crime and retribution genre120
- critical theory37, 42, 45
- cross-cultural studies
- irony, pragmatics of 171–90
- cubism60
- cultural theory
- cultural framing47
- cultural materialism44
- cultural meaning52
- cultural studies 145–6
- key thinkers6, 134–5
D
- defamiliarization
- definition of81
- deixis 123–4
- democracy
- concept of141
- denotation137
- descriptive approach23
- design
- concept of 59–60
- in prose12, 23, 25–6
- detective genre128
- Sherlock Holmes 132–3 , 136, 145
- deviation theory156see also literary language
- devotional poetry22
- diagrammatic taxisSee taxis
- digital technology 68–9 , 74
- Direct Speech (DS)104, 106–7 , 110
- discourse
- analysis1, 46, 180
- framing37
- patterns6
- of power131
- presentation 101–10
- disposition57
- domains13, 141
- double entendres 83
E
- early modern English91, 95–7
- eavesdropping70
- echo
- lexical and syntactic 153–4 , 166
- phonological/phonaesthetic152, 156
- echoic ironySee irony
- ecocriticism44
- elitism143
- emotion12, 50, 52, 120–5 , 129
- enactment
- concept of 42–3
- English usage1, 3, 23–4 , 27, 66
- entailment64
- epigraphs19
- epistemology140
- epistolary genre 30–1 , 114–15
- epithets31
- ethics
- fictional discourse 144–5
- etymology25, 33
- eulogy
85–6
, 89, 94
- rhetorical fabric of Jonson’s 90–2
- Exeter Book77
- Anglo-Saxon riddles and poems 81–3
- poetry and play in the riddles83
- experimental psychology175
- external narration104, 110
- eye-tracking44
F
- fables136
- Facebook175
- facial expression143
- Falklands war116
- false starts154
- fantasy fiction136
- feminism44, 117, 134
- fiction writing
113–25
- ethics of 144–5
- language of popular24, 29–30
- logical status of6
- fictional worlds
127–9
, 140, 146
- concept of 136–7
- factual worlds and 135–6
- fictive motion 49–50
- fictive nation133
- figurative language 159–60
- First Folio85, 100
- preliminary matter 88–90 , 96, 98
- fixed expressions6, 151–2 , 166
- flashback5, 109
- focalisers101, 102, 105, 108
- folk beliefs6
- folk linguistics81, 171, 185, 188
- foregrounding107, 122
- forensic linguistics173
- formalism125, 63, 162
- formulaic phrases166
- frames 180–1
- Free Indirect Speech (FIS) 106–7
- Free Indirect Thought (FIT) 108–9
- French intellectuals 127–8 , 134, 142–3 , 145
- French Theory6, 129, 131, 134, 142, 146see also culture: cultural theory
- functional prose65
G
- gender ideology24, 29
- generative wager160
- geometry60
- Germany
- language81
- politics 140–1
- television shows146
- gestalt psychology47
- graffiti163
- grammar63
- choice24
- literary art and25
- patterns42
- popular fiction30
- Greek classical authors88, 91–2 , 99–100 , 132
H
- hazard of reiteration189
- heart-spaces13, 17–21
- heightened engagement113
- hermeneutic gap44
- heroism theme 29–30 , 82, 91
- hesitation154
- High Emotional Involvement (HEI) model 5–6 , 113, 121–5
- history162
- Anglo-Saxon; European25
- fiction and137
- historical fiction136
- historical linguistics80
- humour/humorous language
2–3
, 7, 24,
28–9
, 97,
171–90
- black humour of Victorian comic songs28
- comic expansion28
- dynamic structure of28
- failure of ‘jokes’142
- formulaic28
- grim29
- as a human characteristic28
- poetic21
- research172
- social and cultural experience28
- speech29see also comedy; irony; parody; satire
- hyperbole14, 32
- hyponymic pattern151
I
- iconicity 42–3
- iconography46
- identity
- display164, 166
- national 94–6
- ideology 24–5 ; , 29see also gender ideology
- idiom 118–19 , 152, 164, 166
- illocutionary theory135, 138–9 , 141
- illusion
- creative25, 113–15 , 118–19 , 125
- imagination119
- imagined communities
- identity of 94–5
- imperatives92
- incrementum 32
- Indirect Speech (IS)104, 106–7
- inherency models 155–7 ; see also literary language
- intentional fallacy139
- internal narration (IN)104, 108, 110
- internal world105
- internet
68–9
- hypertextuality of71see also social media
- interpersonality 167–8
- interruption154
- intersubjectivity135, 167
- intertextuality127, 132–3 , 142
- Ireland
- irony, pragmatics of6, 171–90
- irony27, 102
- as bicoherence174
- context-determined173
- corpus-based approaches173, 182
- cross-cultural perspectives on the pragmatics of 171–90
- echoic model of (use/mention distinction)173
- forensic contexts173
- global cultural comparisons 184–9
- implicit and explicit aspects173
- as indirect negation173
- ironic situations 171–2 , 174, 180–1 , 187, 189
- irony inducing expressions176
- modelling situational irony 180fig.
- neo-Gricean perspective173
- non-ironic situations171, 175, 177, 186
- North American perceptions of6, 171–90
- paradox and174, 179, 189
- as pretence173
- quantification of171, 176, 182, 184
- relevant inappropriateness173
- reversal of evaluation173
- semantics/pragmatics interface173, 183
- sexism and173
- situational 6–7 , 171, 174, 179–81 , 189
- surreal elements173
- television shows173
- temporality and181
- umbrella definition of174, 179, 180
- verbal174
- word cloud analysis 183–5
J
- Jedi realist movement136
- jokes29, 166
- joke design28
- journals66
K
-
kenning poetry5, 77, 81
- definition of81
L
- language change27
- langue and parole 162
- Latin maxims19
- legal discourse2, 173–4
- Leitmotiv 46
- levelling patterns179
- lexis25
- lexical absolutes 123–4
- lexical choice29
- lexical imagery79
- lexical repetition 123–4
- lexical semantics160, 162
- lifestyle magazines173
- line-length12
- linguistic arbitrariness42
- linguistic patterning37
- listing31
- literal language 160–1
- literariness149, 156, 158, 161–3 , 167
- literary criticism24,
37–8
,
40–2
- traditional approaches118, 121
- literary critics131
- literary framing46
- literary language
- CANCODE data 164–5
- cognitive models 159–61
- definitions 155–61
- deviation theory156
- inherency models 155–7
- literary vs non-literary language6
- non-literary language vs 161–8
- pleasure 162–4
- self-referentiality156
- socio-cultural models157
- verbal play 162–4
- writing and 149–50
- literary meaning42
- literary theory44,
134–5
, 139
- CANCODE 167–8
- literature teaching167
- logicSee philosophy of language
- love
- poetry161
- theme of19, 21
M
- Marxist criticism44
- materialist approach140
- mathematics46
- medieval madrigals2
- memory5
- ‘organisation packet’180
- mental processing123
- mental spaces 180–1
- metaphor
18–19
, 21, 25, 29, 31
- common forms 49–50
- conceptual42
- creative6, 124, 152, 161
- everyday162
- extension163, 166
- feelings and52
- figurative language and 160–1
- kenning poetry and81
- metonymy18, 151
- metrical schemes5
- metrical stress14
- Middle English80
- metrical and rhetorical devices 80–1
- mock ‘Umfrey’ poems3, 13–15
- miners’ strike116
- modality23, 137
- modernism60, 158
- modernist poetry81
- pre-modernist thinkers162see also postmodernism
- monoculturalism116
- monosyllabic words18
- Monty Python sketches132n3
- mood47, 63
- morphemes42
- morphological creativity 152–3 , 166
- musical design33
- mythograms57, 59, 68, 71
- myths and legends 135–6
N
- narrative
- closure113, 119–22
- patterning47
- structure24, 29, 63
- style5, 101
- narratology44, 61, 121
- Narrator’s Presentation of Speech (NPS)104
- Narrator’s Presentation of Speech Acts (NPSA) 106–7
- Narrator’s Presentation of Voice (NPV)106
- Narrator’s Representation of Speech (NRS)104
- national identitySee identity
- natural law29
- natural sciences141
- naturalistic readings 41–2
- negation181
- clause 123–4
- neologisms27
- New Criticism45
- New Historicism146
- newspapers/print media65, 66, 163, 172
- nonsense talk144
O
- Old English5, 80
- metrical and rhetorical devices 80–1
- poetic darkness34
- poetic parodies of3
- poetry2
- stylistic exploration1
- verse22
- Old Icelandic81
- Old Norse1, 5, 81
- omniscient narration (3rd person)102
- online platforms
- broadcast news177
- surveys175
- onomatopoeia 13–14
- ontology 136–40
- ordinary language use 167–8
- ordinary meaning138
- ordinary versus professional readers127, 129, 142
- overlapping154
P
- paradox29
- irony and174, 179, 189
- parallelism32, 158–9 ; , 166see also syntactic parallelism
- para-repetitionSee lexical repetition
- paratext139
- parenthesis94
- parody
2–5
, 28, 57,
127–8
, 143, 145, 172
- mock-Middle English poetry15
- of taxis/arrangement67
- power in 64–6
- participiality30
- pastiche3
- perlocutionary theory135
- personality 61–2
- personification91
- persuasion
- art of 31–2 , 58
- literary61
- power of the human voice132
- schemes of 4–5 , 57
- wit of12, 24, 31, 57–74
- philology33
- philosophy162
- of language137, 140–1 , 144–6
- phonemes42
- phonology114
- Anglo-Saxon poetry5, 78–9
- pleasure149,
154–5
,
158–9
,
162–5
,
167–8
- aesthetic168see also literary language
- poet (scop)
- role of25, 34
- poetic function129
- politeness101,
106–7
, 172
- positive and negative96
- politics
- British and American146
- of language study24
- political science162
- spolitical speech57, 66, 68
- popular songs163, 178, 186
- portmanteau 124
- positivism42
- possible worlds137
- postmodernism
131–2
- cultural studies 145–6 ; see also modernism
- power of discourse131
- pragmatics114, 138–9
- prescriptivism27
- presentationality
158–9
, 163, 165
- cognitive aesthetics158
- designed for performance158see also socio-cultural models
- press briefings69
- presupposition137
- pretence theory142, 144
- pronouns85
- first person94, 96–7
- poetic usage5
- possessive 85–6 , 92–7
- of power91
- pronominal choice5, 85–6 , 92, 94–6
- pronominal density 85–6 , 92–7
- second person91, 93
- of solidarity91, 96
- third person91, 94
- propositional logic137, 140see also philosophy of language
- prosopopoeia
- definition82
- psycholinguistics44
- psychology
- experimental175
- gestalt 47
- irony and175, 177
- socio-psychological aesthetics 165–7
- public debate66
- Public Transaction English (PTE)66
- puns6, 29, 92, 151, 158, 162–3
- Punch and Judy shows144
- punctuation63
Q
- Questback175, 182
- questionnaires173, 175–9 , 182, 192
- questions
- follow up69, 71
- unanswered154
R
- Reader Reception Theory (RRT)140
- reading
- active 62–3
- close-reading45
- reader-data44
- readerly experience47
- realism13
- reductionism143
- referential function129
- reflectors102
- reformulation124
- religion135
- religious poetry and ‘heart spaces’13, 17–21
- religious texts 11–34 ; , 136see also biblical stories
- Renaissance era
- amour courtois manner89
- praise and poetry 89–90 , 98–9
- rhetoric, manuals on24
- repetition31, 123–4 , 154
- reporting
- clauses105
- signal104
- resemblance25see also metaphor
- resonance37, 43, 52
- attention-resonance model47
- cultural187
- definitions47
- rewriting57, 73
- rhetoric1, 4, 7
- analysisSee disposition
- Anglo-Saxon poetry5
- arrangementSee disposition; taxis
- Ciceronian60
- comic writers as rhetoricians33
- copia 67
- definitions of 59–64 , 70
- detective fiction131
- discursive skills of60
- dispositio 60
- as distraction31
- dynamism of 63–4
- elocutio 57
- of entertainment31
- epideictic (of praise)89
- ethos 62
- facundia 67
- Greek and Roman rhetoricians24
- historical English usage42, 66
- of instruction31
- kairos 60
- literariness of63
- locus 64
- memoria 69
- Nash’s model of rhetorical relationships 58f.70
- paideia 69
- of performance31
- of pleasure32
- political acts68
- power of6
- Quintilian’s student of12
- Renaissance advice manuals on24
- rhetorical claims68
- rhetorical compulsion64
- rhetorical design of prose25
- rhetorical devicesSee riddles
- rhetorical speech73
- scope of24
- semiology and135
- sentence layout23
- skills of31
- sonnet practice17
- structure and Jonson’s eulogy 85–94
- subtlety of32
- subversive power of132
- theory of 61–4
- as trickery63
- wit of persuasion24, 31, 57–74
- rhyme
12–13
,
17–18
, 29, 32
- end22
- humour and24
- internal22
- rhythm11, 12, 14, 32, 63
- humour and24
- riddles162
- Anglo-Saxon 81–3
- authors of34, 77, 81
- enigmata 82
- folk81
- literary81
- poetry and play in the Exeter Book 83
- Roman antiquity88, 91–2 , 99, 132
- romantic fiction29, 30
- ‘happy ending’ genre120
S
- sarcasm172
- satire3, 6, 13, 92, 127–8 , 143–6 , 172See also irony
- schema
- poetics46
- refreshment163, 166
- science162
- fiction136
- secular writing11, 20
- self-discovery genre120
- self-referentiality156see also literary language
- semantics114,
139–41
, 168
- lexical160, 162
- proper names137
- semantic density167
- semiology135
- semiotics127,
130–3
, 135, 143
- semiotic objects139
- semiotic theory142
- sexism173
- simile124
- simultaneity of events 123–4
- situational ironySee irony
- social media69, 175
- social philosophy of language27see also philosophy: of language
- socialization of losses73
- socio-cultural models155,
157–9
- presentationality 158–9 ; see also literary language
- sonnetry13, 17–18
- sound patterning28, 32
- speech act theory136, 141, 150, 157
- speech events 128–9
- speech presentation101, 104–8
- spoken discourse
149–50
, 155, 165
- English usage27
- fictional and dramatic dialogue6see also conversational English
- spoof4, 32, 145
- stance 61–2
- stylistics
- analysis in7, 44–52
- choice and23
- grammatical patterns5
- lexical patterns5
- literary criticism of the discipline 40–2
- models of12
- modern literary linguistics4
- objections to 38–44
- Old English1
- sound patterns5
- of subliminal effects 52–3
- traditions in linguistic2
- subjectivity44
- subliminal effects37,
52–3
- intuition46, 53
- stylistics of 52–3
- symbolism46, 52
- syntax63, 79, 114
- literary art and25
- popular fiction and30
- semantic value of43
- syntactic agency48
- syntactic choice24
- syntactic form48
- syntactic inversion18
- syntactic length123
- syntactic organisation25
- syntactic parallelism32
- syntactic patterning42
- syntactic structure28
- transformational-generative45
- systemic functional grammar (SFG)43, 114
T
-
taxis
57, 60, 62
- diagrammatic 66–72
- non-classical65
- teasing172
- television shows173
- unidirectionality of71
- temporalitySee time
- tense26, 109, 181
- terza rima 21
- text world theory46, 101, 109, 137
- internal variation 108–10
- text-reception125
- textual patterning 46–7
- textual properties139
- textual theory144
- textuality162
- texture 5263
- Lawrentian style and stylistics37, 40, 41, 47, 53
- thought presentation101, 104, 108–10
- thriller genre24, 29, 127–46
- time
- definers26
- relaters26
- spaces13
- To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author 85–97
- topic switching154
- transcendence25See also creative illusion
- turn-taking101, 106–7
- TV reports66
- broadcast 24–hour news69, 73–4
- Twitter69, 175
U
- understanding
- of literary texts101, 110
- United Kingdom (UK)
- early modern history 95–7
- irony, pragmatics of6, 171–90
- politics146
- United States (UK)
- cultural traditions52
- irony, pragmatics of6, 171–90
- politics146
- unparliamentary language117
- urban myths171
V
- verbal play149, 151, 153, 155,
162–7
- verbal duelling/flyting158
- verbal games162
- verbal inventiveness6see also literary language
- victimage
- language of64
- Victorian era
- infant mortality and black humour28
- rhetorical definitions of poetry59
- viewpoint102,
108–10
- features and transitions5
- Lawrentian style and stylistics37, 41, 49
- manipulation108
W
- ‘Wall Street’ speech 72–3
-
Wanderer, The
77–83
- context 79–80
- discourse 79–80
- preliminary reading 78–9
- style79
- text 79–80
- tone79
- warmth of thought
- concept of4, 11–34
- wiretapping69, 72
- wit28, 97, 100, 186
- of persuasionSee persuasion
- Wmatrix software122
- writer-reader relationship25
- written language
- creativity inSee creative writing; creativity
- English usage27
- as a heuristic process31, 67
- literary language and6, 149–50
- spokenness of33see also fiction writing
