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Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 3:2 (2013) ► pp.180–212

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Universal Minimal Structure

Evidence and theoretical ramifications

 | Johns Hopkins University
 | Newcastle University
Published online: 17 May 2013
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.2.03vai
This paper addresses the fundamental question of whether (or how) functional projections are acquired during the development of syntax. However, rather than concentrating on the actual acquisition of functional projections, we consider the starting point of syntactic development: if functional projections develop during acquisition, there must be an early stage that can at least occasionally be attested that does not reveal evidence of functional projections. The relevant data concerns utterances distinct from the target language that appear to involve reduced structure. By briefly reviewing the relevant literature, we conclude that there is suggestive evidence that reduced structure is an option for all language learners. This points to the conclusion that the possibility of positing reduced structure is an option in the language module, regardless of age.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1The need for an acquisition mechanism
    • 1.2The problem with maturation
    • 1.3Questions without a CP?
  • 2.Root Defaults in typical L1 acquisition
  • 3.Root Defaults in second language acquisition
  • 3.1 Root Defaults in child second language acquisition
  • 3.2RDs in adult second language acquisition
  • 4.Atypical L1 development and the bare VP stage
  • 4.1Complete lack of input during the critical period: Genie and Kaspar Hauser
  • 4.2Little usable input
  • 4.3Cognitive and linguistic impairment
  • 4.4German SLI
  • 4.5Summary of the atypical L1 studies
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1The universal VP-stage
    • 5.2Preliminary thoughts on the acquisition mechanism
  • 6.Conclusion
  • References
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